'Excision repair' diaporamas de présentation

Maximizing Genetic Information

The human genome contains about 20,325 genes - However, these encode about 100,000 mRNAs, which in turn specify more than a million proteins Several events account for the fact that proteins outnumber genes. Maximizing Genetic Information. Maximizing Genetic Information. Figure 11.8.

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DNA: The Genetic Material

DNA: The Genetic Material. Chapter 14. The Genetic Material. Frederick Griffith, 1928 studied Streptococcus pneumoniae , a pathogenic bacterium causing pneumonia there are 2 strains of Streptococcus : - S strain is virulent - R strain is nonvirulent

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Chapter 20 Repair Systems

Chapter 20 Repair Systems. 20.1 Introduction. Injury to DNA is minimized by systems that recognize and correct the damage. The repair systems are as complex as the replication apparatus itself, which indicates their importance for the survival of the cell.

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Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance. Important Point:. If you are having trouble understanding lecture material: Try reading your text before attending lectures. And take the time to read it well!. Chromosomes consist of both DNA and Protein

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Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic DNA DNA Replication DNA Repair Recombination DNA Rearrangments

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic DNA DNA Replication DNA Repair Recombination DNA Rearrangments. Introduction. In order for species to evolve, mutations and gene rearrangements are needed to maintain genetic variation between individuals.

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Snapshot of the next four weeks

BEH.109: Laboratory Fundamentals in Biological Engineering. MODULE 3 Eukaryotic Cells as Phenotypic Indicators: The use of RNAi to modulate gene expression DAY 3. Snapshot of the next four weeks

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An Introduction to DNA microarrays Rebecca Fry, Ph.D. (and Leona Samson)

An Introduction to DNA microarrays Rebecca Fry, Ph.D. (and Leona Samson). http://www.buffalo.edu/UBT/UBT. What is a DNA Microarray?. genes or gene fragments attached to a substrate (glass). Tens of thousands of spots/genes =entire genome in 1 experiment A Revolution in Biology.

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DNA repair

DNA repair. CMB Pp 209-215. DNA repair. Damaged DNA must be repaired If the damage is passed on to subsequent generations, then we use the evolutionary term - mutation . It must take place in the germ cells - the gametes - eggs and sperm

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DNA damage and repair

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Mutation: The Source of Genetic Variation

Mutation: The Source of Genetic Variation. Chapter 11. What comes to mind when you hear the word mutation? Often this word has a negative connotation, but mutation has made the immense variety of life on earth possible.

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Figure 18.01 Tumors in human liver.

Figure 18.01 Tumors in human liver. Figure 18.02 Action of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Figure 18.03a Contact inhibition. Figure 18.03b Contact inhibition. Page 561a. Page 561b. Figure 18.04 the mismatch repair protein MutS bound to DNA. Figure 18.05 Base-excision repair.

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Mutations

Mutations. Mutation. A change in the genetic material of an organism. Are mutations all bad?. Nope!. Mutation. Mutations are generally neutral or harmful to an organism In rare cases, mutations may be beneficial and provide an adaptive advantage over time. Mutations.

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DNA Mutations and Repair

DNA Mutations and Repair. Chapter 17. Detecting mutations with the AMES test. SUMMARY OF AMES TEST. AMES TEST. Saccharin Aflatoxin. 2-aminofluorene. Aflatoxin B1. DNA Repair: general characteristics. Double stranded DNA Redundancy of pathways. Types of DNA repair. Mismatch repair

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Mutation

Mutation. ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????. Dr. Parvin Pasalar Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Mutation. Definition: An un- repaired damages to DNA Causes: It may be spontaneous or induced because of different agents Classifications:

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Ch. 16

Ch. 16. The search for the genetic material led to DNA. Experiments with bacteria and, later, with phages provided the first strong evidence that the genetic material is DNA. The Hershey-Chase Experiment.

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MUTAGENS AND MUTAGENESIS

MUTAGENS AND MUTAGENESIS. Mutagens. Naturally occurring mutations are referred as spontaneous mutations and are thought to arise through chance errors in chromosomal division or DNA replication. Environmental agents which cause mutations are known as mutagens

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Control of Gene Expression

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Introduction

14.7. 13.5. 10.9. 0.23. 0. 0.21. 0.000003. small. 0.0. normal. 0. 100. 2500. 5000. 0.18. Micro moles of Cadmium. 0.16. No. of cells X. 100 million. Normal. Small. 0.04. 0.002. 0.0003. 0. 0. 0.003. 0.002. 0.002. 0.001. 0. 100. 5000. Micro moles of Cadmium.

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