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Primary Task Distraction

This proposal explores how divided attention affects the performance of primary tasks in military operations, such as driving ships or flying aircraft. With officers facing numerous reports and secondary tasks, understanding the limits of attention becomes crucial. We suggest investigating distractions’ effects on performance, which could significantly hinder operational efficiency and provide insights for effective task completion. Drawing from past research and CRM principles, we aim to inform military practices that enhance situational awareness and decision-making amidst potential distractions.

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Primary Task Distraction

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  1. Primary Task Distraction MAJ Shane Grass LCDR Eric McMullen Advisor: Dr. Ji Hyun Yang

  2. Basic Construct • People have a limited capacity to divide attention • At what point does divided attention affect performance of a primary task? • Officers conducting operational tasks such as driving a ship or flying an aircraft are often inundated with reports and relevant secondary tasks • Pertinent to primary task • Have the potential to distract, degrading primary task • Proposal: Investigation into distractions’ effects • May significantly hinder operator perform. • Give the military insight into effective task completion

  3. Basic Construct Inter-plane Following Distance

  4. Comments/Questions?

  5. Inspiration: CRM • 7 CRM Principals for Mission Accomplishment • M – Mission Analysis • C – Communication • S – Situational Awareness (SA) • A – Assertiveness • L – Leadership • A – Adaptability / Flexibility • D – Decision Making • Workload = D + A/F + S + C + M + L • (not Assertiveness)

  6. Past Research – Car Example Strayer, D. L., Drews, F. a, & Crouch, D. J. (2006). A comparison of the cell phone driver and the drunk driver. Human factors, 48(2), 381-91.

  7. Other Related Studies • Mulligan, N. W. (2002). Attention and perceptual implicit memory: effects of selective versus divided attention and number of visual objects. Psychological research, 66(3), 157-65. • Ratwani, R., & Trafton, J. G. (2010). An eye movement analysis of the effect of interruption modality on primary task resumption. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 52(3), 370-380. • Steelman, K. S., McCarley, J. S., & Wickens, C. D. (2011). Modeling the control of attention in visual workspaces. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 53(2), 142-153. • Troyer, a K., & Craik, F. I. (2000). The effect of divided attention on memory for items and their context. Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologieexpérimentale, 54(3), 161-71. • Wickens, C. D. (2008). Multiple resources and mental workload. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 50(3), 449-455.

  8. Comments/Questions?

  9. 3 Groups: A (3) – P X O B (3) – P O X C (3) – P O O Pilot Study

  10. Comments/Questions?

  11. Proposed Research • F-18 (C/E) • Distraction: • Traditional • UAV Supervisory • Feedback: • IV: • Distractions • DV • Following Distance • Stick/Throttle • Bio-harness • Feedback (subjective)

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