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Unveiling the Rock Cycle: Minerals, Properties, & Formation Processes

Dive into the world of geology as we explore the physical properties of minerals such as color, hardness, streak, luster, and cleavage. Understand how rocks form through the rock cycle, including sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic types.

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Unveiling the Rock Cycle: Minerals, Properties, & Formation Processes

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  1. How is a rock like a salad?

  2. Physical Properties of Minerals Color Some minerals only occur as one color. However, some minerals, such as quartz can be many different colors. Hardness A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched. Measured on a Scale from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest). Streak The color of powdered mineral. Mineral is scraped across a ceramic plate to create powder. Streak and color are NOT always the same (e.g., pyrite). Luster Describes the way a mineral reflects light from it’s surface. Either metallic or non-metallic. Cleavage When a mineral breaks to form one or more flat surfaces it is said to have cleavage(e.g., mica).

  3. Color

  4. Luster – metallic or non-metallic A. Pyrite

  5. Streak – the color of powdered rock

  6. Mineral Identification Mineral A Color: Lustre: Streak: Answer Mineral B Color: Lustre: Streak: Answer Mineral C Color: Lustre: Streak: Answer

  7. The Rock Cycle: Rock Types and Processes SEDIMENTARY ROCK Formed from pieces of solid materials that have been deposited on Earth’s surface. The solid pieces start out as loose grains (e.g., sand) and are known as sediment but become cemented together to form solid rock Weathering & Erosion IGNEOUS ROCK Formed when magma cools Intrusive – magma that cools VERY slowly usually deep in the earths crust Extrusive – magma that cools VERY quickly usually ejected from volcanoes Burial METAMORPHIC ROCK Formed when rock is exposed to tremendous heat and pressure. The rock is often deformed and the original mineral crystals and/or grains recrystallize to form NEW minerals Melting

  8. Igneous Rocks Formed from cooled magma

  9. Sedimentary Rocks Formed from eroded sediment

  10. Metamorphic Rocks Formed by heat and pressure

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