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Overview. Trendsin the workplacein occupational injury and illnessin public healthin the OEM workforce, training and researchACOEM InitiativesVisioning the Future of OEM. Changes in the American Workforce: Demographics is Our Destiny. Demographics Workforce is more diverse in age, gender, ra
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1. Robert K. McLellan, MD,MPH,FACOEM
President, ACOEM The Future of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
2. Overview Trends
in the workplace
in occupational injury and illness
in public health
in the OEM workforce, training and research
ACOEM Initiatives
Visioning the Future of OEM
3. Changes in the American Workforce:Demographics is Our Destiny Demographics
Workforce is more diverse in age, gender, race, and nationality
Most new jobs in businesses with less than 500 workers
Large numbers of illegal immigrant workers
Nature of work
Increasing proportion of service, health care, computer jobs
Decreasing proportion of manufacturing, agriculture, fishing
Organization of work
Transient employment (temporary, contracted workers)
E-commerce
Homework and the 24 x 7 workweek
Globalization
As noted earlier, the economy added over 20 million jobs from 1988 to 1998, or an 18 percent growth. Any occupational group that expanded at a slower rate (all major occupational groups added jobs) saw its share of overall employment decline. Those occupational groups with the slowest growth and the concomitant sharpest decline in share of overall employment were agriculture, forestry, and fishing occupations and the precision production, craft, and repair occupational group, the latter of which is associated, in many instances, with manufacturing. Slower than average growth was also experienced by operators, fabricators, and laborers and also by clerical workers, groups that have seen technology lower the demand for their skills. On the other hand, very rapid growth was seen among the professional specialty and the executive, administrative, and managerial occupational groups. Marketing and sales and technician occupations also showed faster than average growth and thus saw their share of overall employment increase in the past decade. Workers in these rapidly growing occupational groups tended to be employed in very large numbers in the rapidly growing service sector (Table 4-2).TABLE 4-2 Employment by Major Occupational Group for 1988 and 1998 and Projected Employment for 2010 (in millions of persons)
Occupational Group198819982010Executive, administrative, and managerial12.114.417.5Professional specialty occupations14.719.726.4Technicians and related support occupations3.94.96.1Marketing and sales occupations12.115.518.6Administrative support occupations, clerical22.124.727.0Service occupations18.422.327.8Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations3.63.83.8Precision production, craft, and repair occupations14.114.515.3Operators, fabricators, and laborers14.118.320.2Total117.8138.5162.8
As noted earlier, the economy added over 20 million jobs from 1988 to 1998, or an 18 percent growth. Any occupational group that expanded at a slower rate (all major occupational groups added jobs) saw its share of overall employment decline. Those occupational groups with the slowest growth and the concomitant sharpest decline in share of overall employment were agriculture, forestry, and fishing occupations and the precision production, craft, and repair occupational group, the latter of which is associated, in many instances, with manufacturing. Slower than average growth was also experienced by operators, fabricators, and laborers and also by clerical workers, groups that have seen technology lower the demand for their skills. On the other hand, very rapid growth was seen among the professional specialty and the executive, administrative, and managerial occupational groups. Marketing and sales and technician occupations also showed faster than average growth and thus saw their share of overall employment increase in the past decade. Workers in these rapidly growing occupational groups tended to be employed in very large numbers in the rapidly growing service sector (Table 4-2).TABLE 4-2 Employment by Major Occupational Group for 1988 and 1998 and Projected Employment for 2010 (in millions of persons)
Occupational Group198819982010Executive, administrative, and managerial12.114.417.5Professional specialty occupations14.719.726.4Technicians and related support occupations3.94.96.1Marketing and sales occupations12.115.518.6Administrative support occupations, clerical22.124.727.0Service occupations18.422.327.8Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations3.63.83.8Precision production, craft, and repair occupations14.114.515.3Operators, fabricators, and laborers14.118.320.2Total117.8138.5162.8
4. Decreasing Role of Organized Labor Manufacturing union membership: 1983: 4 million 2002: under 2.5 million