90 likes | 296 Vues
Contemporary Political Ideologies. By 1980s, Russian Communism exhausted Economy failing while capitalism thrived in U.S., Western Europe & East Asia Gorbachev tried reform of glasnost (media openness), perestroika (economic restructuring), and democracy with rule of law
E N D
By 1980s, Russian Communism exhausted • Economy failing while capitalism thrived in U.S., Western Europe & East Asia • Gorbachev tried reform of glasnost (media openness), perestroika (economic restructuring), and democracy with rule of law • Half-hearted efforts raised discontent and failed economically • Attempted 1991 coup by hard-line Communists failed Fall of Communism
Began as a reaction by some liberals to the Great Society programs • Thought welfare programs were not working, creating a permanent dependent class • Anti-Affirmative action • Abhorred multiculturalism and relativism that seemed to downplay core American values and determination • Favor big government, interventionism • Aggressive foreign policy stance • Believe democracy can & should be installed by U.S. around the world Neoconservatism
Libertarianism is an ideology strongly emphasizing individual freedom and very limited government • Return to classical liberalism of Adam Smith • In conflict with both Conservatives and Liberals: • Liberals want personal freedom and controlled economy • Conservatives want constraints on personal freedom, and free economy • Libertarians want freedom in both areas • Libertarians oppose taxes, bureaucracies, and overseas intervention Libertarianism
Coalesced in the 1960s, in part taking inspiration from the civil rights movement • Argued that artificial gender roles prevented women from full attainment socially, politically, and economically • Accomplishments • Title 9 • Roe v. Wade • Maternity Leave • Women have nonetheless made progress, becoming more than half of all law school and university graduates • Equal Rights Amendment defeated Feminism
In 1960s, Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring exposed pesticides’ environmental damage, leading to growing awareness of economic development’s environmental destruction • Love Canal, 3 Mile Island & Chernobyl • Argue we can sensibly reduce consumption and slow environmental destruction • Green parties have been formed, as in Germany, to promote environmental goals • EPA • Opponents argue regulation restrict growth • Support public transport & renewable energy sources Environmentalism
Holds that "Islam should guide social and political as well as personal life“ • Emphasize: • the implementation of Sharia (Islamic law) • pan-Islamic political unity • the elimination of non-Muslim, particularly Western military, economic, political, social, or cultural influences in the Muslim world, which they believe to be incompatible with Islam • Weakness • Split b/w Sunni (90%) and Shia (10%) • No economic plan Islamism