Grammar as Rhetoric and Style

1. Grammar as Rhetoric and Style Subordination in the Complex Sentence

2. What is subordination? • Subordination is the use of a subordinating conjunction to make the meaning of one clause dependent on another clause. • Subordinating conjunctions • A complex sentence is a sentence formed by an independent clause and a dependent clause that begins with a subordinating conjunction.

3. Subordinating Conjunctions Contrast or Concession: • Although, even though, though, while, whereas Cause and Effect: • Because, since, so that Condition: • If, once, unless, should Time: • When, whenever, after, before, as, once, since, while, until

4. Punctuation • Use a comma to set off a subordinate clause that opens a sentence unless that sentence is very short.

5. Identify each subordinate clause in the following sentences, and explain its effect. All are direct quotations. Let’s Practice!

6. When I saw England for the first time, I was a child in school sitting at a desk. • If now as I speak of all this I give the impression of someone on the outside looking in, nose pressed up against a glass window, that is wrong. • Although the old man never confronted me about it, there was one occasion when he came close to forcing the whole thing out into the open. A A A

7. When I saw England for the first time, I was a child in school sitting at a desk. • If now as I speak of all this I give the impression of someone on the outside looking in, nose pressed up against a glass window, that is wrong. • Although the old man never confronted me about it, there was one occasion when he came close to forcing the whole thing out into the open.

8. Once people are dead, you can’t make them undead. • If he charged, I could shoot; if he took no notice of me, it would be safe to leave him until the mahout came back. • I perceived in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. A A A

9. Once people are dead, you can’t make them undead. • If he charged, I could shoot; if he took no notice of me, it would be safe to leave him until the mahout came back. • I perceived in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys.

10. Resources Shea, Renee, Lawrence Scanlon, and Robin DissinAufses. The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, 2nd ed., Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013.