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Freewrite Microtheme

Freewrite Microtheme. On a piece of paper, with your name & date on it, write 80-100 words on: an event that lasted no more than 5 minutes . . . that brought you either pain or sadness OR pleasure or joy See next slide for example .

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Freewrite Microtheme

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  1. FreewriteMicrotheme • On a piece of paper, with your name & date on it, write 80-100 words on: • an event that lasted no more than 5 minutes . . . • that brought you either • pain or sadness OR • pleasure or joy See next slide for example

  2. Estimate total word count by counting the number of words on your first line and multiplying that by the number of lines. For example, this essay is 9 x 10 ≈ 90. [actual count = 96] Martha Bianco Microtheme #1 10/3/08 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I received a phone call from my aunt, saying, “Martha, Uncle Alan is dead.” “What?” I responded, in shock. And she went on to explain that he had been sick with some disease for a long time. I had not even had any idea he was sick! But apparently, they had seen this coming, as he had been ill with a lung disease for a very long time. I was so shocked that my aunt said, “Martha? Hello? Are you there?” I didn’t even know how to respond, because I had not known he was ill.

  3. Week 2 Grammar: Subjects, Verbs, andTypes of Sentences

  4. Subjects

  5. Grammar Warm Up Activity

  6. Subject and Verb • The verbindicates an action • Carolyn speaks Spanish. • or state of being • Carolyn is Mexican.

  7. Focus on the Subject • The subject tells who or whatis doing the action: • Carolyn speaks Spanish. • or being something • Carolyn is Mexican.

  8. To find the simple subject . . . • Ask who or what is doing or being something. • Mike’s expertise at the Halo videogame series was something all of his friends admired. • Mike’s expertise at the Halo videogame series was something all of his friends admired.

  9. Common Nouns as Subject. . . • animals, plants, things, qualities, ideas • The dog barks too much. • Her petunias almost died. • That table is crowded. • Fairness is an important virtue. • Happiness can be difficult to achieve.

  10. Proper Nouns asSubjects • Specific people, places, things, concepts • Little Sparky barks too much. • Beautiful Springfieldis losing population. • When October begins, the air is cool. • The girls and John decided to play.

  11. Personal Pronouns as Subjects • Personal pronounsstand for specific persons or things: • The dog barks too much. • It barks too much. • Her petunias almost died. • They almost died. • Beautiful Springfieldis losing population. • It is losing population.

  12. Personal Pronouns as Subject. . . • Personal pronounsstand forspecific persons or things: • John called the girls. • He called the girls. • The girls and John decided to play. • They decided to play. • Anne and I ate lunch. • We ate lunch.

  13. Indefinite Pronouns as Subject. . . • Indefinite pronounsstand for general persons or things: • Each of them contributed some money. • Everybody gave their most. • Nobody thought to call. • Somebody arrived late.

  14. Relative Pronouns as Subjects • Subject form of a relative pronoun stands alone. • Otherwise, it’s an adjective. • This is my friend. These are my friends. • This friend is mine. These friends are mine. • That is your dog. Those are your dogs. • That dog is yours. Those dogs are yours.

  15. Question Pronouns asSubjects • Whois my friend? • Whichis your dog? • What are your favorite songs? • Whose is that?

  16. Single vs. Compound Simple Subject • Single subject • My friend brought a present. • Compound subject • My friend and I have much in common. • Jane, Susan, and Maria met for lunch.

  17. The implied “you” in a command: Read the notes. = (You) Read the notes. Please have a seat. = (You) Please have a seat.

  18. Subject-verb separation • Interrupter (prepositional phrase) may separate subject from verb preposition • in the student in the back • of a friend of mine • on the book on the table • at the price at the bookstore • for a poem for my friend object of the preposition preposition object of the preposition

  19. Object of preposition can’t be subject • The student in the back raised her hand. • The studentin the back raised her hand. • A friend of mine has the same shirt. • A friendof mine has the same shirt. • The book on the table belongs to me. • The bookon the table belongs to me. • The price at the bookstore is higher. • The priceat the bookstore is higher. • A poem for my friend is a nice gift. • A poemfor my friend is a nice gift.

  20. Filler words “Here” and “There” are not subjects! • There were birds in the tree. • There is a nest in the tree. • Here are the birds in their nest. There and Here are never subjects!

  21. Stop and Practice Exercises 1 & 2, p. 44

  22. Verbs

  23. Verb Phrases • Single verb: • He led the charge. • Verb phrasesuse helping verbs: is•can•has•did•may •should (etc.) • She isleading the charge. • He can drive to work. • They did giveto the charity.

  24. Compound verbs are joined byconnector words likeandoror • He studiedorworked all his adult life. • She worked for twenty-five years andretired. • Elena had immigrated to the U.S. andhad raised a family.

  25. Don’t confuse verbs with verbals! • Verbals look like verbs – but aren’t! • Gerund = verb + ing: singing, laughing • Singingis fun. Singing = noun • Infinitive = to + verb: to be, to sing • Iwant to sing. To sing = noun

  26. Don’t confuse verbswithverbals! • Present participle = verb + ing: breaking • Welistened for breaking glass. Breaking = adjective • Past participle = verb + ed, en, etc.: broken • Wecleaned up the broken glass. Broken = adjective

  27. Words like never,not, and hardlyareadverbs, not verbs... • We never eat dessert before dinner. • Wenevereat dessert before dinner. • I do not like lima beans. • Idonotlike lima beans. • They hardly knew Aunt Mary. • Theyhardlyknew Aunt Mary. The adverb “not” often separates a helping verb from the main verb.

  28. Stop and Practice Exercises 3 & 4, p. 47

  29. Subjects may follow verbs: • Birdswere in the tree. • Therewerebirds in the tree. • Thereis a nest in the tree. • Hereare the birds in their nest. There and Here are never subjects!

  30. In questions, the subject often comes between parts of verb phrase • Where had the defendantgone on that fateful night? • Doyoulikechocolate?

  31. For sentence variety and writing style, subjects may come after verbs • “I am innocent!” cried the defendant. • Quietly into the night gowe.

  32. Stop and Practice Exercises 5 & 6, p. 48-49 Review 1 & 2, p. 51-53 Microtheme: Underline subjects and circle verbs in the first two sentences. Put your name on your paper and turn in!

  33. Sentence Types

  34. What is a Sentence? • A group of words that • has a subject + verb • starts with a capital letter • ends with a period (.), question mark (?), or exclamation mark (!) • makes sense on its own (with no added words)

  35. correct sentences or not? Why? • A Starbucks just opened in our neighborhood. • did it just open. • The manager who asked about parking. • A brand-new Starbucks! • It did? • Time on our hands. • The overtired baseball team finished its practice. • While you were sleeping on the couch. • The idea you had. • Sit.

  36. What is a Phrase? • A group of words either • Without a subject and/or verb or • With a subject and verb but makes no sense

  37. PHRASES OR COMPLETE SENTENCES? • The dog in the back yard continues to bark. • The dog, who is in the back yard, barks. • John, running down the street. • John ran down the street. • The final pages of the book. • The supervisor liked what he saw. • Hurrying away from the car. • About the future. • Worries about the future. • We worry about the future.

  38. What is a Clause? • A group of words that has a subject and a verb

  39. What is an Independent Clause? • Independent clause (aka “Main Clause”): • Has a subject and verb • Stands on its own • Makes sense by itself • Susan began using a spell checker. • John used a spell checker, too.

  40. What is a Dependent Clause? • Dependent clause (aka “Subordinate Clause”): • Has a subject and verb (or verbal), but • Cannot stand on its own • Doesn’t makes sense by itself • Depends on another group of words to make sense • Because she was having trouble with her spelling. • Although he was a good speller.

  41. Independent or dependent? • While you are waiting. • You might want to look at this magazine. • The project is really exciting. • Although the tasks seem boring. • The client rang the bell. • Because she wanted faster service. • As soon as the mail arrives. • I’ll see if the check is there. • If you can come. • Call me.

  42. Simple AND COMPOUND Sentences • Simple sentence • Consists of one independent clause: • Susan was having trouble with her spelling. • John used a spell checker, too.

  43. Simple AND COMPOUND Sentences • Compound sentence • Consists of two or more independent clauses: • Susan was having trouble with her spelling, so she began to use a spell checker. • John was a good speller, but he used a spell checker, too.

  44. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONAS • FANBOYS • For •And • Nor • But • Or • Yet • So

  45. Simple or compound? Circle coordinating conjunctions: • My boss dictates the memo, and Marlene types it. • We filled out the correct forms. • He hasn’t called me, nor has he written. • He hasn’t called nor written. • She left work early, for she was not feeling well. • She wasn’t feeling well when she left work early. • She wasn’t feeling well, so she left work early. • Our customers can wait in line. • They can order over the phone. • They can wait in line, or they can order over the phone.

  46. Complex Sentences • One or more dependent clauses+ one independent clause • Because she was having trouble with her spelling, Susan began using a spell checker. • Although he was a good speller, John used a spell checker, too.

  47. Complex Sentences • Dependent clause beings with a subordinating conjunction. Examples:

  48. Complex Sentences? Underline any dependent clauses & circle subordinating conjunctions: • Please plan to fill out some forms before you see the doctor. • We want to serve you better, so we have a toll-free number. • Although it was raining, the picnic was held outside. • It was raining, and the picnic was held inside. • The contract expired on December 31. • With that résumé, you will definitely find a job! • I wasn’t planning to come because you don’t want me to. • Come to my office after you finish the report. • Stay in your office to finish the report. • We’ll be ready when the time comes.

  49. Stop and Practice Exercises 6 - 9, p. 62-63 Review 1, 2 & 3 p. 67-69

  50. Week 2 Writing Process:Warm-Up

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