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Solutions

Solutions. How Solutions Form Definitions Types of Solutions Dissolving Rate of Dissolving. A. Definitions. Solution - homogeneous mixture. Solute - substance being dissolved. Solvent - present in greater amount. A. Definitions. Solute - KMnO 4. Solvent - H 2 O.

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions How Solutions Form Definitions Types of Solutions Dissolving Rate of Dissolving

  2. A. Definitions • Solution - homogeneous mixture Solute- substance being dissolved Solvent- present in greater amount

  3. A. Definitions Solute - KMnO4 Solvent - H2O

  4. B. Types of Solutions • Based on state of solvent. • All solid-liquid-gas combos are possible. • EX: Stainless steel is a solid solution of iron, carbon, chromium and nickel

  5. C. Dissolving • Solvation • occurs at the surface of the solute • solvent particles surround solute particles (+/- attraction) • solute particles are pulled into solution

  6. C. Dissolving NaCl dissolving in water

  7. D. Rate of Solution • Solids dissolve faster... • more stirring • small particle size(increased surface area) • high temperature

  8. Solubility • Solubility: the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature • Concentrated: large amount of solute dissolved in solvent • Dilute: small amount of solute in solvent

  9. Types of Solutions: • Saturated: a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute it can hold at a given temperature • Unsaturated: a solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature • Heating a saturated solution makes it unsaturated • Supersaturated: a solution that contains more solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature. • Unstable

  10. Solubility Curves

  11. D. Rate of Solution-Gases • Gases dissolve faster... • no shaking or stirring • high pressure • low temperature

  12. Particles in Solutions • Electrolytes: solutions that contain ions or charged particles • Can be strong or weak electrolytes • Nonelectrolytes: form no ions in water. Nonconductors • Ionization: neutral molecule broken apart to form ions • Dissociation: separation of ionic solid into positive and negative ions

  13. Effects of solute particles • Lowering Freezing Point: solute particles interfere with formation of orderly pattern • Antifreeze • Animals with built in antifreeze • Raising Boiling Point: more energy is needed for solute particles to escape the liquid

  14. Like Dissolves Like • Polar Substances dissolve polar things • Nonpolar Substances dissolve nonpolar things • Soap: has polar and nonpolar end to dissolve in water and dissolve oily dirt • Polar and nonpolar vitamins

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