1 / 19

UNIT 4 BIOLOGY

UNIT 4 BIOLOGY. Continuity and Change: Genetics and Evolution. Assessments. SACs Summary report of a genetic cross (practical) DNA technologies (GTAC) Report on evolutionary relationships Presentation on gene technologies EXAMINATION. Introducing genetics. Chromosomes and meiosis

serge
Télécharger la présentation

UNIT 4 BIOLOGY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. UNIT 4 BIOLOGY Continuity and Change: Genetics and Evolution

  2. Assessments • SACs • Summary report of a genetic cross (practical) • DNA technologies (GTAC) • Report on evolutionary relationships • Presentation on gene technologies EXAMINATION

  3. Introducing genetics • Chromosomes and meiosis • Alleles, phenotypes and test crosses • Linked genes and crossing over • Pedigrees

  4. Structure and function of DNA • Genes • The genetic code – what does it mean? • Molecules involved in building DNA and proteins • Genomics • Gene mutations

  5. How the cell uses DNA • Transcription and translation (building a protein) • Self-replication of DNA • The relationship between the code present on the DNA and the characteristics on the organism

  6. DNA and technology • How do we manipulate DNA? • The tools and techniques required • Electrophoresis • Applications of technology in genetics

  7. Introduction to evolution • Variations in a population • Natural selection as the agent for evolution • Special DNA: mitochondrial

  8. Evolution theory • History of evolution theory • Evidence for evolution • Different types and patterns of evolution

  9. Human evolution • Relationships between modern humans and ancient human-like creatures • “Monkey to man”? • Cultural and technological evolution: how does it impact our biology?

  10. Human intervention in evolution • Disruption of evolution • Technology use • Selective breeding • Reproductive and therapeutic cloning

  11. Today: introducing genes • Where are our genes? • What are genes made of? • What is the history of DNA?

  12. What is genetics? • Genetics is the study of heredity • Animals, plants and micro-organisms are studied E. coli

  13. Chromosomes • Are long thread like structures found in the nucleus • Made of a chemical called DNA • Some DNA is also found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts

  14. Homologous chromosomes • 2 copies of each chromosome in each somatic (body) cell • 2 copies of each gene in each cell • Humans have 46 chromosomes in each body cell • What is the difference between a male and female? Karyotype of a human male

  15. History • In 1953 Watson and Crick unravelled the structure of DNA • Deoxyribonucleic acid • Double helix • Controversy of how results were obtained

  16. DNA • Deoxyribonucleic acid • Double helix which looks like a twisted ladder • Made up of nucleotides containing a phosphate, sugar and a base

  17. Bases • Specific base pairing • Adenine - Thymine • Guanine - Cytosine • DNA is universal – all living things from bacteria to plants and animals have the same 4 bases

  18. DNA and chromosomes • DNA coils tightly around proteins • Like a twisting piece of string Protein

  19. DNA

More Related