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Chapter 9: Cognition in Early Childhood Piaget: the preoperational period Egocentrism

Chapter 9: Cognition in Early Childhood Piaget: the preoperational period Egocentrism Appearance/reality Precausal reasoning Problems with Piaget Theory of mind. 1. Piaget’s Account. Preoperational period Operation Centration Beaker task Class inclusion. 1. Piaget’s Account.

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Chapter 9: Cognition in Early Childhood Piaget: the preoperational period Egocentrism

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  1. Chapter 9: Cognition in Early Childhood Piaget: the preoperational period Egocentrism Appearance/reality Precausal reasoning Problems with Piaget Theory of mind

  2. 1. Piaget’s Account • Preoperational period • Operation • Centration • Beaker task • Class inclusion

  3. 1. Piaget’s Account Preoperational period, cont’d. • Symbolic thought • Symbolic play • Imaginary friends

  4. 2. Egocentrism • Egocentrism • Lack of spatial perspective taking • Three-mountains task

  5. Egocentrism, cont’d. • Egocentric speech • Krauss & Glucksberg, 1969

  6. Piaget: children in this age group are fooled by appearances. 3. Confusing Appearance and Reality

  7. 4. Precausal Reasoning • Boiling stones • “Why does it get dark outside?” • Animism • “Why is the moon gone during the day?”

  8. 5. The Problem of Uneven Levels of Performance: horizontal décalage • Horizontal decalage • unexpected differences in problem-solving • Nonegocentric reasoning about spatial perspectives • The Grover study

  9. Some other findings that contradict Piaget • Distinguishing appearance from reality • Sponges that look like rocks (John Flavell finds better performance by age 6) • Rice et al. Find that 3-4 year olds can do it when given help • Effective causal reasoning • The Snoopy task

  10. 6. Theory of mind • What is a theory of mind? • Knowing that one has a mind, that other people have minds, and that minds do certain kinds of things. • What kinds of things do minds do? • How do we measure theory of mind? • The false-belief paradigm • Smarties task • Sally/Ann task • Deception

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