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Impactful Insights on the Solar System and Celestial Hazards

Explore the dynamics of impacts on Earth, from small pit craters to large multiple-ring basins. Learn about the impact process, recognizing craters on Earth, and the formation of the moon. Discover the mysteries of comets, asteroids, and planetary history through a scientific lens.

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Impactful Insights on the Solar System and Celestial Hazards

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  1. Impact! Steven Dutch, Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay

  2. The Solar System • Nine Eight Planets • Over 100,000 catalogued asteroids • ???? Centaurs • ???? KBO’s (including one disgruntled ex-planet) • Millions of Comets

  3. The Hazard • It’s all about Kinetic Energy • K = ½ mv2 • 10 m block @ 30 km/sec = 100 Kt • Multiply size by 10, multiply K by 1000 • Comets (large v) have more energy

  4. Impacts on Earth

  5. The Impact Process • Atmospheric Entry • Contact-Compression • Penetration – Transient Crater • Excavation • Collapse

  6. Small Impacts Make Simple Pit Craters

  7. Recent Impact – Meteor Crater

  8. Medium Impacts Create Central-Peak Craters

  9. How Central Peaks Form

  10. Upheaval Dome, Utah

  11. Schrodinger: A Peak-Ring Crater

  12. Large Impacts Result in Multiple-Ring Basins

  13. Comets and Planetary History • Superposition • Crater Saturation • Crater Degradation

  14. Superposition

  15. Crater Saturation

  16. Crater Degradation

  17. Recognizing Craters on Earth • Craters rapidly destroyed by erosion • Circular geologic structures • Impact melts • Impact breccias • Shock metamorphism • Shatter cones

  18. Manicouagan, Quebec

  19. Sudbury, An Ancient Impact Site

  20. A Shatter Cone

  21. Fallback Breccia

  22. Mega-Impacts: As Usual, Gary Larson Gets There First

  23. How Did The Moon Form? • Co-Creation • Fission • Moon should orbit in Earth’s equatorial plane • Capture • Can account for plane of Moon’s orbit • Very hard to do in reality • Collision • Requires no skill at all

  24. Computer Simulations by H.J. Melosh (University of Arizona)

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