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The Rise of Ancient Greece

The Rise of Ancient Greece. The Aegean Area The terrain of Greece is mountainous which both protected and isolated the people who never united under one government Most Greeks earned their living on the sea; the mild climate allowed Greeks to spend a great deal of time outdoors. Beginnings.

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The Rise of Ancient Greece

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  1. The Rise of Ancient Greece

  2. The Aegean Area • The terrain of Greece is mountainous which both protected and isolated the people who never united under one government • Most Greeks earned their living on the sea; the mild climate allowed Greeks to spend a great deal of time outdoors Beginnings

  3. Aegean Civilizations • Greek myths refer to an early civilization on the island of Crete • Remains of the Minoan civilization have been uncovered, which flourished from about 2500 to 1450 BC • The Minoan civilization was based on sea trade and peaked around 1600 BC Beginnings

  4. The Minoans • The remains of the Minoan civilization were uncovered by Sir Arthur Evans in 1900. • At Knossos, Evans unearthed the palace of King Minos. • Passageways in the palace formed a labyrinth, or maze, and were decorated with brightly colored murals. Beginnings

  5. Aegean Civilizations • The Mycenaeans moved into the Balken Peninsula around 2000 BC and intermarried with the native Hellenes people • By the mid 1400s BC the Mycenaeans had conquered the Minoans and control the Aegean Beginnings

  6. Aegean Civilizations • In 1100 BC Greek speaking Dorians conquer Greece from the north • Over the next 300 years Greece enters a “dark age” because overseas trade stopped, people lost skills and poverty increased Beginnings

  7. Aegean Civilizations • By 750 BC the Ionians reintroduce culture, and skills to Greece • New Greek civilization, Hellenic, flourished from the 700s until 336 BC Beginnings

  8. Poets and Heroes • In the eighth-century BC, Homer composed the two most famous Greek epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey • The stories were set during and after the Trojan war in the mid 1200’s BC • Schools in ancient Greece used Homer’s epics to teach values Beginnings

  9. A Family of Deities • The Greek religion used the activities of the gods to explain why people behaved the way they did • The Greeks humanized their deities and tried to emulate them by doing things to the best of their abilities Beginnings

  10. A Family of Deities • The Greeks believed the 12 most important deities lived on Mt Olympus • The Greeks believed that each deity controlled a specific part of the natural world • As Hellenic civilization developed, religious festivals become a part of Greek life such as the Olympic Games and drama Beginnings

  11. The Typical Polis • Typical polis was the city and the surrounding villages, fields and orchards • The acropolis the city center had a temple for the local deity • Citizens gathered around the acropolis to carry out public affairs • At the foot of the acropolis was the agora, or public square, that served as the political center of the polis. The Polis

  12. The Typical Polis • Citizens of a polis had both rights and responsibilities • Citizens were a minority of the residents, slaves, foreign-born residents and women had no political rights The Polis

  13. Greek Colonies and Trade • An increase in population after the “dark age” led to a food shortage. • By 700 BC each polis began to expand to coastal areas to increase food production • The colonies were closely tied with their mainland metropolis, supplying grain • This allowed the parent city to produce and export wine, olive oil and other cash crops The Polis

  14. Greek Colonies and Trade • Greeks replace their barter system with a money economy and expanded overseas trade • The cities of Ionia in Asia Minor became leaders in the textile industry • Pottery made in Ionia was the earliest Greek pottery to be exported The Polis

  15. Political and Social Change • The economic growth shifted political power from kings to landholding aristocrats • Disputes arose between the aristocrats and the farmers who wanted political reform The Polis

  16. Political and Social Change • Greek armies began to rely more on the phalanx, foot soldiers closely arrayed with their shields forming a solid wall. • Because the phalanx was made up of foot soldiers (generally farmers) more than cavalry (generally aristocrats), aristocrats began to lose influence • Due to the unrest, tyrannies arose, in which one person seized power and ruled the polis single handedly The Polis

  17. Political and Social Change • After the reign of tyrants, most city-states became oligarchies or democracies • The most famous democracy was Athens, the most famous oligarchy was Sparta The Polis

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