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Options for A Central Archiving Service

Options for A Central Archiving Service. Neil Beagrie Maggie Jones JISC. What’s Happening Now?. E-journal archiving developments Related developments. Mellon-funded planning projects 2001-2002. Concluded that archiving seems technically feasible using different approaches

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Options for A Central Archiving Service

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  1. Options for A Central Archiving Service Neil Beagrie Maggie Jones JISC

  2. What’s Happening Now? • E-journal archiving developments • Related developments JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  3. Mellon-funded planning projects 2001-2002 • Concluded that archiving seems technically feasible using different approaches • Increasingly shared understanding that e-version should be publication of record • Participating publishers viewed archiving as competitive advantage • New organisations will be necessary to act in the broad interests of the scholarly community and mediate the interest of libraries and publishers JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  4. Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe (LOCKSS) • Creates low-cost caches of e-journals content • Supported by NSF, Mellon, Sun Microsytems • Working to build production software • Has several participating publishers, including Blackwells, OUP, Project Muse, ACS, APS, BMJ • Has several libraries participating world-wide • U.K participating libraries are BL, Cambridge, Leeds, Imperial College JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  5. JSTOR • very different model to LOCKSS • centralised model • established functional unit within JSTOR in October 02 • currently drafting technical requirements and initial systems design • drafting potential business models • launching study into library e-journal processing costs • will also be looking at economics of e-journals from publishers perspective JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  6. LOCKSS/JSTOR • Mellon funding both in belief that single definitive approach is unlikely • Both have established credentials within library and publisher communities JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  7. OCLC Digital Archive • building on co-operative model • act as agent on behalf of membership with publishers • have invested $2.4m in staff and administration and $675K in h/ware/s/ware costs to date • economies of scale and deep infrastructure seen as key • OCLC has been actively involved in digital preservation issues - metadata, attributes of trusted digital repository JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  8. Elsevier/KB Collaboration • Elsevier providing all of its digital files to the KB (7.2 terabytes) • The KB will act as Elsevier’s official archive • Elsevier has signalled that it hopes to establish 3 official archives worldwide • KB can provide access to onsite users or externally in the eventof disaster and/or collapse of Elsevier JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  9. What’s Happening in the U.K- DTI Report In order for the U.K to protect access to important research material and to ensure that small and not-for-profit publishers are not unfairly disadvantaged, the archiving of digital research should be organised at a national level by government. A content repository together with access rights should be created by government and industry for use by national academic and research institutions. Publishing in the Knowledge Economy, 2002. Action Point 22 <http://www.uk-publishing.info/> JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  10. Legal Deposit • BL is working with other deposit libraries and with publishers pending legal deposit legislation • Legal Deposit is critically important in preserving a nations’ cultural heritage • Continued access to licensed e-journals is a separate matter JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  11. RSLG Report, 2003 • Recommends establishment of new body to lead and co-ordinate the provision of research information (RLN) • Recommend work on needs and costs in preservation of digital materials • Establish mechanisms for “last resort” archiving of material not reliably preserved elsewhere JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  12. NESLI/JISC Model Licence • Have included specific archiving clauses since 1999 • 2.2.2, 5.4.1 and 5.4.2 refer to the need to provide users with access to the full text of the Licensed Material “which was published and paid for within the Subscription Period” JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  13. Options in Model Licence • Continuing online access to the same material from the Publisher’s server or a third party server • Supplying an archival copy to the Licensee or a central archiving facility operated on behalf of the UK HE Community JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  14. Publisher Archive • Continued online access from publisher’s server implies publisher has sole responsibility for ensuring continued access to their content • Larger publishers are investing in infrastructure to maintain digital assets JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  15. Publisher Archive • Places responsibility with owners of content • BUT publishers will need to recoup this cost • will only retain material while it is commercially viable • variable capacity/willingness to deliver • subject to unpredictable market forces JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  16. Institutional Archive • Licensee retains material they have licensed • BUT this is mostly in CD-ROM format • CD-ROM is not an archival format, most libraries are making a strategic move away from CD-ROM • Randomly scattered copies likely to be both inefficient and ineffective JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  17. Central Archiving Facility • Implies standalone facility • Other options are: • Collaborative model with partners within the U.K • Collaborative model outside the U.K • Defer any action to establish an archiving service JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  18. Issues Common to any Archiving Service • Needs to have active participation and co-operation of publishers • Needs to conform to appropriate standards and attributes of trusted digital repositories • Must be affordable/sustainable • Needs to be able to provide secure access from the archive in accordance with licence provisions • Needs to have solid legal basis JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  19. Steps Common to All Options • Detailed discussion with publishers (via PALS? Special working group?) • Refining requirements • technical, legal, organisational • Detailed costing • Establishing business case and model • Obtaining funding - possibly both capital (CSR 2004?) and recurrent JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  20. Standalone Service Operated on Behalf of U.K HE/FE Additional steps would include: • Obtaining legal advice (licensing, entity) • Issuing ITT and testing market JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  21. Benefits of Standalone Option • Fulfils identified need • Can be tailored to specific requirements of UK HE/FE • Relatively simple to administer JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  22. Risks of Standalone Model • Large capital costs • Rapidly changing environment • Size of UK market may be too small to be cost-effective • Business development/archiving skills-base limited • Difficult to predict potential impact of other developments (e.g. open access models) JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  23. Collaborative Model - U.K Additional steps would include: • Identifying partners (larger publishers and deposit libraries would be likely candidates) • Identifying roles and responsibilities within the partnership JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  24. Benefits of Collaborative U.K Model • Fulfils identified need • Can be tailored to specific needs of U.K HE/FE • Possibly cheaper than standalone model? • Enables some economies of scale? JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  25. Risks of Collaborative U.K Model • Rapidly changing environment • Difficult to predict potential impact of other models • Likely to take longer to establish? • More complex to administer • Risk of one or more partner withdrawing over time JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  26. Collaborative Model 2 - outside U.K Additional steps would include: • Identifying partners (possibilities are LOCKSS/JSTOR/OCLC) JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  27. Benefits of Collaborative 2 Model • Fulfils identified need • Uses existing infrastructure • No development costs • Potential for economies of scale • Does not require large capital costs JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  28. Risks of Collaborative 2 Model • Rapidly changing environment • Difficult to predict potential impact of other developments • May be more difficult to meet specific needs of U.K HE/FE JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  29. Defer Archiving Service Rationale: • May be premature, given current uncertainties • Larger publishers are already investing in archives • Need time to assess impact of alternative models of scholarly communication JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  30. Defer Archiving Service Steps would include: • Communicating decision to all relevant stakeholders • Managing likely fallout within UK HE Community • Putting in place closer working relationship with publishers • Using Model Licence as main mechanism for consumer protection JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  31. Defer Archiving Service - Benefits • No special effort or funding required to maintain status quo • Gives some breathing space JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  32. Defer Archiving Service - Risks • Current position is unsustainable • Reinforces market distortions for small/medium publishers • Libraries have no confidence in security of content and cost • Publishers unable/unwilling to really guarantee continued access • Publishers won’t necessarily use Model Licence JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  33. The future. “That period of time in which our affairs prosper, our friends are true and our happiness is assured.” Ambrose Bierce, 1842-1914. JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

  34. Our ideal future? • Libraries able to move to e-only confident that they will have access for as long as they need and at a price they can afford • Publishers able to focus on adding value to content JISC Licensing & Archiving Workshop 17/2/03

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