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Understanding and Calculating pH of Common Substances in Chemistry

This guide covers the fundamental concepts of pH calculation, emphasizing the formula pH = -log[H+]. It provides examples to calculate pH from given hydrogen ion concentrations, such as [H+] = 1 x 10^-5 M, [H+] = 1 x 10^-2 M, and [H+] = 3.0 x 10^-6 M. Additionally, it explains how to convert pH values back to [H+] and introduces related concepts of pOH, illustrating the relationship between pH, pOH, and common substances like household products and biological fluids. A practical resource for mastering pH calculations.

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Understanding and Calculating pH of Common Substances in Chemistry

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  1. pH of Common Substances Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 335

  2. Calculating pH • pH = -log [H+] • So if [H+] = 1x10-5 pH = - log (1x10-5 ) = 5 • Calculate the pH if [H+] = 1 x 10-2 M pH = [H+] = 3.0 x 10-6 M pH = [H+] = 8.2 x 10-6 M pH =

  3. Convert pH to [H+] • 10-pH = [H+] • If pH = 5, 10-pH = 10-5 = 0.000 01 = 1 x 10-5 M • Calculate the [H+] if pH = 2.37 [H+] = pH = 11.05 [H+] = pH = 6.50 [H+] =

  4. pH of Common Substance pH [H1+] [OH1-] pOH 14 1 x 10-14 1 x 10-0 0 13 1 x 10-13 1 x 10-1 1 12 1 x 10-12 1 x 10-2 2 11 1 x 10-11 1 x 10-3 3 10 1 x 10-10 1 x 10-4 4 9 1 x 10-9 1 x 10-5 5 8 1 x 10-8 1 x 10-6 6 6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-8 8 5 1 x 10-5 1 x 10-9 9 4 1 x 10-4 1 x 10-10 10 3 1 x 10-3 1 x 10-11 11 2 1 x 10-2 1 x 10-12 12 1 1 x 10-1 1 x 10-13 13 0 1 x 100 1 x 10-14 14 NaOH, 0.1 M Household bleach Household ammonia Lime water Milk of magnesia Borax Baking soda Egg white, seawater Human blood, tears Milk Saliva Rain Black coffee Banana Tomatoes Wine Cola, vinegar Lemon juice Gastric juice More basic 7 1 x 10-7 1 x 10-7 7 More acidic

  5. pOH • pOH= -log [OH-] • 10-pOH = [OH-] • So if [OH-] = 4 x 10-3 M pOH = -log (4 x 10-3) = 2.397 = 2.40 • pH + pOH = 14

  6. Complete this for homework…

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