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FAO Lonneke Bakker Wildlife and Protected Areas

B U S H M E A T C O N F E R E N C E. Managing wildlife sustainably for long term food security. W E S T A F R I C A N. FAO Lonneke Bakker Wildlife and Protected Areas. Bushmeat and Food Security. Facts.

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FAO Lonneke Bakker Wildlife and Protected Areas

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  1. B U S H M E A T C O N F E R E N C E Managing wildlife sustainablyforlong term food security W EST AFRICAN FAO Lonneke Bakker Wildlife and Protected Areas

  2. Bushmeat and Food Security Facts • Bushmeat supplies 50-85% of the protein requirements of rural inhabitants in Africa • Wild foods are important for an estimated 150 million poor people worldwide • Ghana: • annual volume of bushmeat harvested: 384.992 tonnes, worth US$350 million • Estimated to be 270.000 hunters • Data shows that animal size and abundance is decreasing • Chemicals used in hunting can be harmful to human beings • Consumption of bushmeat could be a cause for zoonotic diseases such as Ebola, Rift Valley Fever, Congo-Crimea Hemorrhagic Fever and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

  3. Bushmeat and Food Security Definition of food security: Year-round access to the needed amount and variety of safe foods, so that people can lead active and healthy lives Poverty • Dependent upon • Availability • Access • Utilization of food sources Bushmeat Trade Malnutrition Insecure income/food Unsustainable exploitation of wildlife • Poor nutrition is the cause and the symptom of poverty; • Reduces the ability to obtain maximum benefits from main assets • Reduces mental health • Reduces potential of physical labour

  4. Bushmeat and Food Security Local / regional scale • Bushmeat is often the only protein source • More domestic meat production • Game farming/captive breeding • Other protein sources: insects, nuts, beans • Bushmeat provides a vital source of income • Hunting takes place during dry season • Other income generating activities, e.g. eco-tourism • De-localized hunting by workers in concessions / • commercial hunters • Code of conduct or adjustment Criteria & Indicators of certification schemes • Control by local authorities and communities

  5. Bushmeat and Food Security National scale • Policy and regulation • fail to account for basic food needs of people • do not consider the economic incentives driving hunt and trade • → Wildlife is often a ‘common good’ • Land tenure secured and formalized in legislation • Wildlife use rights to landholders and local communities • Ecological degradation • West African wildlife populations have drastically declined • Strengthening and establishment of protected areas and reserves for wildlife reservoir

  6. Bushmeat and Food Security Global scale • Fish is an important animal protein source in West Africa; • bushmeat hunting increases when fish supply is scarce • Limit foreign fishing in West-African waters and strengthen regulation • Development strategy • often not focused on protein food sources and bushmeat • More holistic approach to efforts for conservation, poverty alleviation and economic development

  7. Bushmeat and Food Security How can the accessibility to other protein sources be improved? How can the accessibility to bushmeat for some actors be deterred? How can the affordability of other protein sources such as fish and domestic meat be improved? How can rural income be stabilized and diversified? How can the sustainability of bushmeat hunting and trade be improved? How can the sustainable development of rural communities be ensured?

  8. Bushmeat and Food Security Lonneke Bakker

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