What impact did Vladimir Lenin have on Russia?

1. What impact did Vladimir Lenin have on Russia?

2. As the leader of the Bolsheviks, he promised “Peace, Bread, and Land” to gain popular support to overthrow the Russian government.

3. One Government out, the next one in • The Provisional Government fell in November 1917, workers took control of the government • Bolsheviks in Power • Lenin gives land to peasants, puts workers in control of factories

4. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Lenin had Russia sign a peace treaty with Germany, ending its involvement in WWI. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918

6. Civil War Civil War Rages in Russia • Civil War between Bolsheviks’ Red Army and the White Army which supported the Czar • Red Army wins three-year war that leaves 14 million dead • www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzPqdCggOH8

7. Political Reforms • Lenin and the Communists politically reorganized Russia, • Creates self-governing republics (mini-states) under national government Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.); 1922 – 1991

8. Political Reforms (cont’d) • In 1922, country renamed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) • Communist Party—new name taken by Bolsheviks from writings of Marx Flag of the Russian Empire Flag of the Soviet Union

9. COMMUNISM • Lenin believed in the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and had the Bolshevik Party change their name to the Communist Party.

10. The Communist Manifesto: • Written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Friedrich Engels  Karl Marx 

11. According to Marx and Engels, history can be viewed as a continuous struggle between economic classes. Working class (proletariat) vs. Wealthy class (capitalist class)

12. A main idea of The Communist Manifesto was that the proletariat must unite to overthrow the capitalist class.

13. This leads to private property ceasing to exist and the people owning the means of production, creating a system of communism.

14. once communism emerges, the evils of industrial society would disappear.

15. New Economic Policy • In March 1921, Lenin launches New Economic Policy, which had some capitalist elements • NEP and peace restored the economy shattered by war and revolution • By 1928, Russia’s farms, factories were productive again

16. A New Leader? • Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin compete to replace Lenin when he dies • Joseph Stalin—cold, hard Communist Party general secretary in 1922 Joseph Stalin Leon Trotsky

17. And the winner is……Stalin! • Stalin gains power from 1922 to 1927 • Lenin dies in 1924 • Stalin gains complete control in 1928; Trotsky forced into exile

18. Only Party • Communist Party was the only party that ran the government, using violence and terror to force control.

19. USSR Under StalinCommand Economy • Planned to make the USSR a modern industrial power • Immediately removed the New Economic Plan initiated by Lenin as being anti-Communist

20. 5 Year PlanINDUSTRY High production rates Heavy industry Transportation

21. 5 Year PlanAgriculture Collective farms • Peasants gave up small farms • Lived on state-owned collective farms • Collective owned all farms animals/equipment • Government controlled prices, supplies, quotas

22. RESULTS OF PLANS • INDUSTRY • Consumer goods neglected • Citizens remained poor • Low standard of living • AGRICULTURE • Farmers resisted • Killed farms animals • Destroyed tools and crops • Farmers who resisted were sent to labor camps • Government seized grain causing a famine • 5+ Million died due to starvation

23. Stalin’s ResponseThe Great Purge 1934 • 800,000 executed • 4 million purged • Censorship • Religion outlawed • Used secret police (KGB) • Created new social order • Communist Party supreme • Elite (Industrial managers, military, scientists) • Commomers