S4 Wars of Independence Revision Quiz

1. S4Wars of IndependenceRevision Quiz

2. Why was Scotland left “Kingless” in 1284? • Why was Scotland left without a ruler in 1290?

3. Who was Toom Tabard? • Why was he called this?

4. Source A“King John was brought from Aberdeen to the castle at Montrose. Upon the King of England arriving there, King John was stripped of his kingly ornaments, and holding a white wand in his hand, he surrendered up to Edward all rights which he had to the kingdom of Scotland”From a Scottish Chronicle • Is this a Primary or Secondary source? • What is the benefit of this type of source?a. Benefit of being there at the timeb. Benefit of hindsight

5. Source A“King John was brought from Aberdeen to the castle at Montrose. Upon the King of England arriving there, King John was stripped of his kingly ornaments, and holding a white wand in his hand, he surrendered up to Edward all rights which he had to the kingdom of Scotland”From a Scottish Chronicle • Why was King John “stripped of his kingly ornaments” ? • Why is this source useful in helping to find out how Edward treated John after the Battle of Dunbar in 1296?

6. Edward I left Scotland in 1297.What happened in Scotland a few months after he left? • Harvesting • Rebellions • Highland Games • Who captured castles from the English between Inverness and Aberdeen? • Andrew Moray • Fred Flintstone • Edward I

7. Why was Scotland left “Kingless” in 1284? • A. Alexander III died leaving no immediate male heir. • Why was Scotland left without a ruler in 1290? • A. Maid of Norway died on her way to Scotland.

8. Who was Toom Tabard? • A. King John • Why was he called this? • A. The nickname Toom Tabard was given to King John after he was stripped of his tabard, (or jacket) and all symbols of kingship and taken as a prisoner to the Tower of London by Edward I after the Battle of Dunbar in 1296.

9. Source A“King John was brought from Aberdeen to the castle at Montrose. Upon the King of England arriving there, King John was stripped of his kingly ornaments, and holding a white wand in his hand, he surrendered up to Edward all rights which he had to the kingdom of Scotland”From a Scottish Chronicle • Is this a Primary or Secondary source? A. Primary • What is the benefit of this type of source?a. Benefit of being there at the timeb. Benefit of hindsight

10. Source A“King John was brought from Aberdeen to the castle at Montrose. Upon the King of England arriving there, King John was stripped of his kingly ornaments, and holding a white wand in his hand, he surrendered up to Edward all rights which he had to the kingdom of Scotland”From a Scottish Chronicle • Why was King John “stripped of his kingly ornaments” ? A. To show he was no longer King and had surrendered to Edward • Why is this source useful in helping to find out how Edward treated John after the Battle of Dunbar in 1296?

11. Edward I left Scotland in 1297.What happened in Scotland a few months after he left? • Harvesting • Rebellions • Highland Games • Who captured castles from the English between Inverness and Aberdeen? • Andrew Moray • Fred Flintstone • Edward I

12. 11. Where did Wallace come from? • A minor noble family from Renfrewshire • A rich family from Edinburgh • A poor Highland family 12. How much is known about the early life of William Wallace?

13. 13. What did Wallace do in May 1297? • Get married • Kill Andrew Moray • Ambush and kill the English Sheriff of Lanark

14. What sort of warfare did Wallace’s men conduct? • Battles at sea? • Guerrilla warfare • Large, formal land battles • What did Andrew Moray pledge to do? • Kill William Wallace • Fight alongside William Wallace • Fight alongside Edward I

15. 16. Who supported these revolts publicly because they were successful? • Robert Burns • Robert Butler • Robert Bruce

16. What did the Nobles do in June 1297? • Asked Edward I for peace, and agreed to obey him • Met Wallace and agreed to obey him • Met Robert Bruce and agreed to obey him • The following month, in July 1297 where did Edward I go? • England • Ireland • France

17. Who continued to fight as he had not been included in the talks with Edward I? • William Wallace • Robert Bruce • John Balliol • In July 1297, what did Wallace do to Ormsby, Edward’s Chief Judge in Scotland? • Burnt his house and killed his wife • Attacked him, while he was in Scone, near Perth, so Ormsby had to flee leaving all his possessions. • Chopped his hands and feet off

18. 11. Where did Wallace come from? • A minor noble family from Renfrewshire • A rich family from Edinburgh • A poor Highland family • How much is known about the early life of William Wallace? • A. Very little. We do not even know what he looked like.

19. 13. What did Wallace do in May 1297? • Get married • Kill Andrew Moray • Ambush and kill the English Sheriff of Lanark

20. What sort of warfare did Wallace’s men conduct? • Battles at sea? • Guerrilla warfare • Large, formal land battles • What did Andrew Moray pledge to do? • Kill William Wallace • Fight alongside William Wallace • Fight alongside Edward I

21. 16. Who supported these revolts publicly because they were successful? • Robert Burns • Robert Butler • Robert Bruce

22. What did the Nobles do in June 1297? • Asked Edward I for peace, and agreed to obey him • Met Wallace and agreed to obey him • Met Robert Bruce and agreed to obey him • The following month, in July 1297 where did Edward I go? • England • Ireland • France

23. Who continued to fight as he had not been included in the talks with Edward I? • William Wallace • Robert Bruce • John Balliol • In July 1297, what did Wallace do to Ormsby, Edward’s Chief Judge in Scotland? • Burnt his house and killed his wife • Attacked him, while he was in Scone, near Perth, so Ormsby had to flee leaving all his possessions. • Chopped his hands and feet off

24. What did Wallace and his army do in August 1297? • Joined with Robert Bruce and attacked Edinburgh • Joined with Andrew Moray and attacked Alness • Joined with Andrew Moray’s men to attack Dundee • Edward I had left an Englishman to look after the day to day running of Scotland. What was his name? • Hugh Cressingham • David Hardingham • Stuart Robinson

25. When was the Battle of Stirling Bridge? • September 1297 • April 1297 • February 1299 • What happened at the Battle of Stirling Bridge? • The English used the ford a few miles away to cross the river • The Scottish cut the English down as they squeezed across the bridge • The English cavalry charged and killed most of the Scottish army

26. Who was the Battle of Stirling Bridge between? • William Wallace with his English army and Edward I with the French army • Robert Bruce with the Scottish and Edward I with the English army • William Wallace with his Scottish army and Hugh Cressingham with the English army • Who won the Battle of Stirling Bridge? • William Wallace and the Scottish army • Edward I and the English army • Edward I and the French army

27. 27. What were the effects of the victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge? • The English fled Scotland • English leaders left Scotland • Scotland was now free from English control • The Scots were now keen to attack England • The victory enabled Wallace to become Guardian of Scotland • The victory encouraged ordinary Scots to fight for independence • After the victory some nobles decided to follow Wallace • As the English had left Scotland after their defeat, Scotland was now able to start trading with other countries.

28. What was Wallace appointed after the victory at Stirling? • Guardian of Scotland • King of Scotland • Commissioner of Scotland • Wallace was now the leader of the Scottish army. What problems did he have? • All the Nobles supported Edward • All the Nobles and knights had been killed at Stirling • Scotland was short of knights. Many Nobles, who fought as knights, would not join him to fight against King Edward.

29. Source B“Many English Officials fled for their lives. The Earl of Surrey rode as fast as he could towards Berwick as soon as he realised that he had lost the battle. The English hold on Scotland had been destroyed. The Scots wasted no time in following up their advantage by attacking Northumberland.”From “Scotland – at Peace, at War 1263-1329”, by A.A. Erskine and A. L. Davidson (1978). It describes some of the effects of the victory at Stirling Bridge. • Using Source B, list some of the effects the victory at Stirling Bridge had on Scotland. • From Recall list some of the effects the victory at Stirling Bridge had on Scotland.

30. What did Wallace and his army do in August 1297? • Joined with Robert Bruce and attacked Edinburgh • Joined with Andrew Moray and attacked Alness • Joined with Andrew Moray’s men to attack Dundee • Edward I had left an Englishman to look after the day to day running of Scotland. What was his name? • Hugh Cressingham • David Hardingham • Stuart Robinson

31. When was the Battle of Stirling Bridge? • September 1297 • April 1297 • February 1299 • What happened at the Battle of Stirling Bridge? • The English used the ford a few miles away to cross the river • The Scottish cut the English down as they squeezed across the bridge • The English cavalry charged and killed most of the Scottish army

32. Who was the Battle of Stirling Bridge between? • William Wallace with his English army and Edward I with the French army • Robert Bruce with the Scottish and Edward I with the English army • William Wallace with his Scottish army and Hugh Cressingham with the English army • Who won the Battle of Stirling Bridge? • William Wallace and the Scottish army • Edward I and the English army • Edward I and the French army

33. 27. What were the effects of the victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge? • The English fled Scotland • English leaders left Scotland • Scotland was now free from English control • The Scots were now keen to attack England • The victory enabled Wallace to become Guardian of Scotland • The victory encouraged ordinary Scots to fight for independence • After the victory some nobles decided to follow Wallace • As the English had left Scotland after their defeat, Scotland was now able to start trading with other countries.

34. What was Wallace appointed after the victory at Stirling? • Guardian of Scotland • King of Scotland • Commissioner of Scotland • Wallace was now the leader of the Scottish army. What problems did he have? • All the Nobles supported Edward • All the Nobles and knights had been killed at Stirling • Scotland was short of knights. Many Nobles, who fought as knights, would not join him to fight against King Edward.

35. Source B“Many English Officials fled for their lives. The Earl of Surrey rode as fast as he could towards Berwick as soon as he realised that he had lost the battle. The English hold on Scotland had been destroyed. The Scots wasted no time in following up their advantage by attacking Northumberland.”From “Scotland – at Peace, at War 1263-1329”, by A.A. Erskine and A. L. Davidson (1978). It describes some of the effects of the victory at Stirling Bridge. • Using Source B, list some of the effects the victory at Stirling Bridge had on Scotland. • The English fled Scotland • English leaders left Scotland • Scotland was now free from English control • The Scots were now keen to attack England

36. Source B“Many English Officials fled for their lives. The Earl of Surrey rode as fast as he could towards Berwick as soon as he realised that he had lost the battle. The English hold on Scotland had been destroyed. The Scots wasted no time in following up their advantage by attacking Northumberland.”From “Scotland – at Peace, at War 1263-1329”, by A.A. Erskine and A. L. Davidson (1978). It describes some of the effects of the victory at Stirling Bridge. • From Recall list some of the effects the victory at Stirling Bridge had on Scotland. • The victory enabled Wallace to become Guardian of Scotland • The victory encouraged ordinary Scots to fight for independence • After the victory some nobles decided to follow Wallace • As the English had left Scotland after their defeat, Scotland was now able to start trading with other countries.

37. Why did Edward return from France? • To support Wallace • To punish Scotland for rebelling • To punish Cressingham for losing the Battle at Stirling • Edward’s army entered Scotland in June 1299. Where did the Scottish and English armies meet and do battle? • Falkirk • Perth • Preston Pans

38. Who won the Battle of Falkirk? • William Wallace • Robert Bruce • Edward I • Why did Wallace lose? • Wallace should not have fought the English at Falkirk • He did not have enough men • He did not have a good position • His men were not as well trained as the English • His men were not as well equipped as the English • His cavalry (knights) were not reliable. They had an important task, but they fled before the fighting started.

39. What happened after the Battle at Falkirk? • Wallace resigned as Guardian and Robert Bruce took over • Wallace resigned as Guardian and Andrew Moray took over • Wallace resigned as Guardian. John Comyn and Robert Bruce became “joint Guardians” • How did the Scottish react after the battle? • They became even more determined to resist and disobey Edward • They gave up and let Edward rule Scotland in peace • They asked the French to invade to help them

40. Things got worse for the Scots after 1302: Robert Bruce made peace with King Edward,Edward retuned to Scotland with his army in 1303 and recaptured Stirling Castle. Nearly all the important Scots surrendered to Edward. • What happened to William Wallace? • He escaped and lived in France. • He was captured near Glasgow on 3rd August, 1305 and handed over to Edward’s men. He was taken to London and punished as a traitor buy being hanged, drawn and quartered. • He married Edward’s daughter-in-law and had lots of babies.

41. Source B “There was a public robber called William Wallace, who had been outlawed many times because be would not accept Edward as his king. Because he was a wandering outlaw, he attacked all other bandits to himself and made himself almost their prince. They grew to be a large group”. 39.Did an Englishman or a Scotsman write this? Why do you think this?

42. Source Cfrom a history book by R.G. Nicholson, “Scotland The Later Middle Ages”, (1974). “Wallace was not fighting for himself. He was fighting to restore King John. No one could challenge his position as long as he was successful in warfare but, if he failed, he would lose the support of the people who mattered”. 40.Is this a Primary or Secondary source? 41. What is the benefit of this type of source?a. Benefit of being there at the time b. Benefit of hindsight

43. Source Cfrom a history book by R.G. Nicholson, “Scotland The Later Middle Ages”, (1974). • “Wallace was not fighting for himself. He was fighting to restore King John. No one could challenge his position as long as he was successful in warfare but, if he failed, he would lose the support of the people who mattered”. • 42. How useful is this source in explaining what happened in Scotland after the Battle of Falkirk? • Origin • Purpose • Content • Recall • Conclusion

44. Why did Edward return from France? • To support Wallace • To punish Scotland for rebelling • To punish Cressingham for losing the Battle at Stirling • Edward’s army entered Scotland in June 1299. Where did the Scottish and English armies meet and do battle? • Falkirk • Perth • Preston Pans

45. Who won the Battle of Falkirk? • William Wallace • Robert Bruce • Edward I • Why did Wallace lose? • Wallace should not have fought the English at Falkirk • He did not have enough men • He did not have a good position • His men were not as well trained as the English • His men were not as well equipped as the English • His cavalry (knights) were not reliable. They had an important task, but they fled before the fighting started.

46. What happened after the Battle at Falkirk? • Wallace resigned as Guardian and Robert Bruce took over • Wallace resigned as Guardian and Andrew Moray took over • Wallace resigned as Guardian. John Comyn and Robert Bruce became “joint Guardians” • How did the Scottish react after the battle? • They became even more determined to resist and disobey Edward • They gave up and let Edward rule Scotland in peace • They asked the French to invade to help them

47. Things got worse for the Scots after 1302: Robert Bruce made peace with King Edward,Edward retuned to Scotland with his army in 1303 and recaptured Stirling Castle. Nearly all the important Scots surrendered to Edward. • What happened to William Wallace? • He escaped and lived in France. • He was captured near Glasgow on 3rd August, 1305 and handed over to Edward’s men. He was taken to London and punished as a traitor buy being hanged, drawn and quartered. • He married Edward’s daughter-in-law and had lots of babies.

48. Source B • “There was a public robber called William Wallace, who had been outlawed many times because be would not accept Edward as his king. Because he was a wandering outlaw, he attacked all other bandits to himself and made himself almost their prince. They grew to be a large group”. • Did an Englishman or a Scotsman write this? Why do you think this? • A. Englishman

49. Source Cfrom a history book by R.G. Nicholson, “Scotland The Later Middle Ages”, (1974). “Wallace was not fighting for himself. He was fighting to restore King John. No one could challenge his position as long as he was successful in warfare but, if he failed, he would lose the support of the people who mattered”. 40.Is this a Primary or Secondary source? A. Secondary 41. What is the benefit of this type of source?a. Benefit of being there at the time b. Benefit of hindsight

50. Source Cfrom a history book by R.G. Nicholson, “Scotland The Later Middle Ages”, (1974). • “Wallace was not fighting for himself. He was fighting to restore King John. No one could challenge his position as long as he was successful in warfare but, if he failed, he would lose the support of the people who mattered”. • 42. How useful is this source in explaining what happened in Scotland after the Battle of Falkirk? • Origin • Purpose • Content • Recall • Conclusion Nicolson – Secondary. Hindsight. Explain why Wallace was fightingHe lost the support of the nobles after Falkirk, and lost the Guardianship of Scotland. Useful