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Dental Health in Veterinary Medicine

Dental Health in Veterinary Medicine. What do animals use their teeth for?. Chewing Catching prey Self defense. What do vets look for in animal teeth?. Look for signs of disease Look for broken and/or missing teeth Look for occlusal relationships* Approximate the age of the animal. *

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Dental Health in Veterinary Medicine

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  1. Dental Health in Veterinary Medicine

  2. What do animals use their teeth for? • Chewing • Catching prey • Self defense

  3. What do vets look for in animal teeth? • Look for signs of disease • Look for broken and/or missing teeth • Look for occlusal relationships* • Approximate the age of the animal

  4. * See slide note How about these?

  5. Do animals get dental disease? • Periodontal disease affects 85% of cats and dogs over 5 years of age

  6. * How can veterinarians tell if an animal has tooth pain?

  7. What can dental disease do to my pet? • Cause pain • Result in tooth loss • Make eating difficult • Lead to infections • Lead to inactivity

  8. * What causes periodontal disease? * • Bacteria forms plaques on the teeth • Plaque hardens to form calculus • Plaque starts to touch the gums • Bacteria and immune system release destructive chemicals • Destroys the attachment of the tooth to the gum

  9. * Healthy gums • Pink gums • Smooth • Shiny

  10. Stage 1 – Periodontal disease • Red gums • Swollen gums

  11. Stage 2 – Periodontal disease • Infection around the teeth • Shallow pockets • Bone loss

  12. * Stage 3 & 4 – Periodontal disease • Deep pockets • Bone loss • Loose teeth

  13. How can we prevent periodontal disease? * • Any ideas?

  14. * How can I help my pet? • Brush your pet’s teeth! • Lift lips • Rub their gums and teeth • Brush gently with a finger brush or soft toothbrush • Brush gently with pet toothpaste on the fingerbrush or toothbrush Get your vet to show you how and do it only under parental supervision so you don’t cause harm.

  15. * Pet toothpaste • Some is flavored to taste like food • Does not contain fluoride. DO YOU KNOW WHY? • Contains enzymes. DO YOU KNOW WHY?

  16. Pet chew toys Gumabones®

  17. Pet chew toys Havaball Chew Toy

  18. Pet chew toys • C.E.T. Dual Enzyme Chews • Rawhide delivers mechanical action that abrades plaque from teeth above the gum line. • Dual Enzyme System is activated by saliva to produce Hypothiocyanite ions which eliminates placque-forming bacteria. • C.E.T HEXtra Chews • Rawhide delivers mechanical action that abrades plaque from teeth above the gum line. • Saliva releases Chlorhexidine to provide sustained antiseptic action to eliminate placque-forming bacteria

  19. Goat Hoof

  20. Toothpaste Enzymes • Enzymes are target specific (they only break down specific kinds of starches or proteins) • The manufacturer may not always explain on the label what kinds of enzymes are in the toothpaste. • How well they work in the toothpaste may be debatable. Enzymes are proteins. For more about how they affect food, see our Web curriculum modules on digestion: http://peer.tamu.edu/curriculum_modules/OrganSystems/module_2/whatweknow2.htm

  21. Demo on protective effect of fluoride

  22. * What about cavities? • Do dogs and cats get cavities? … not usually. • Do you know why? There are two main reasons. Hint: cavities are caused by bacteria growing on trapped food.

  23. Dental Research • Better technology for braces • Laser imaging for diagnosing early-stage periodontal disease • Zapping diseased gums with lasers • Improved implants for missing teeth

  24. Human Dental Care: Brushing • Brush after every meal, certainly before and after a night’s sleep. Rinse well. • Bacteria in the mouth ends up irritating the gums, getting into bloodstream.

  25. Human Dental Care: Brushing • People with gum disease are more likely to have hardened arteries, heart attack, stroke, and even diabetes. • Teeth should be cleaned twice a year in a dentist’s office.

  26. Human Dental Care: Flossing • Insert strip of floss between each pair of teeth. • Work back and forth, up and down. • Rinse (note if you see residue even after brushing) See animation

  27. Water Picks • Direct spray between each pair of teeth and front and back surfaces. • Note if any residue appears in the water as it drains out of your mouth. If brushing and flossing don’t get it all, you may need to use water picks routinely.

  28. * Example NIH Research in Dentistry Using bacterial gene sequences to identify strains that cause rapid tooth decay.

  29. Plan for the study Filling of an old cavity • Oral bacteria in a large group of racially/ethnically diverse children will be tested to see if the bacterial gene sequence can predict which children will get severe cavities. New cavity forming

  30. Expected benefit • Early identification of children at risk can lead to vigorous preventive treatment. • Teeth of such children can be sealed shortly after teeth emerge. Molar tooth showing deep grooves that act as traps for food and bacteria. Molar tooth with grooves filled with protective sealant

  31. May I answer your questions?

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