1. HIS 101 Western Civilization Chapter 1

3. Homo Sapien

5. Progression

6. Neanderthals

7. Neanderthal Face

8. Modern Human

9. Cave Painting at Lascaux, France

10. Paleolithic

11. Neolithic

12. Mesopotamia

13. Egypt

14. Cuneiform

15. Gilgamesh

16. Gilgamesh Tablet

17. Sargon I

18. Hammurabi

19. Babylon

20. Ishtar Gate, Babylon

21. Hammurabi’s Kingdom

22. Code of Hammurabi

24. Ziggurat at Ur

25. Ziggurat at Ur

26. Early Sumerian Statue

27. Sumerian Stele

28. Stele

29. Egypt

30. Farming Along Nile

31. Menes

32. Old Kingdom (3100 – 2200 BC) • Middle Kingdom (2050 – 1750 BC) • New Kingdom ( 1560 – 1087 BC)

33. Dynasty: group of rulers from a single family who succeeded one another as pharaoh

34. Menkure, Kephren, & Khufu

35. Key to the success of the Third Dynasty of the Old Kingdom was • Absolute power of pharaoh • Pharaoh owned Egypt and its people • Every person was pharaoh’s servant • Pharaohs were active statesmen • Pharaohs had a highly developed administrative system

36. At the end of the Old Kingdom there were ineffectual leaders and things fell apart. • This was followed by years of chaos • About 2050 BC the Middle Kingdom began and restored the institutions of the Old Kingdom

37. The divine power of pharaohs • A centralized bureaucracy • A provincial administration • A revived economy • Reclaimed land from the desert • Expanded trade • Maintained order

38. One change : less emphasis on the divine power of the pharaoh and more on the quality of government • Concept of ma’at was important • principle of right order, justice, and harmony • This added a humane quality to Middle Kingdom

39. Hyksos

40. Old and Middle Kingdoms • Economic system depended on carefully controlled agriculture • Relied on peasants to keep irrigation system working, to plant and harvest, and to build pyramids, public buildings, temples, and dwellings • Artisans and merchants added to Egypt’s wealth

41. Cultural Life • Rooted in religion • Deities thought to be benevolent to humans • Deities explained through mythology • Egyptians thought they had won the gods favor because of their abundant harvests, peace, and security • Ka : spiritual double that lived after death in close association with the spirits

42. Hieroglyphics

43. Hieroglyphics

44. Khufu

45. Rigid Statue

46. Relief

47. Science and Technology • Recorded movements of the stars • Had accurate time system: had 12 – 30 day months with 5 days added at end of year • Had system of numbers: arithmetic, volumes, and areas • Had information on metals and plant life • Developed surgical techniques and drugs • Understood anatomy from mummification

48. Ahmose I

49. Thutmose I

50. Thutmose II