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Assessment of Risk Potential at Almásfüzitő Red Mud Pond VII: Environmental Concerns

This document evaluates the environmental risks associated with the Almásfüzitő Red Mud Pond VII, highlighting the potential contamination of the surrounding area from leachate and airborne dust. It discusses the pond's location in a flood-prone and earthquake-prone zone, lack of barrier systems, and the plan to cap the pond with "composted" hazardous waste. The report asserts that the proposed method of treating hazardous waste is not sustainable, warning that such actions could exacerbate risks to the environment. Immediate rehabilitation of the site is essential.

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Assessment of Risk Potential at Almásfüzitő Red Mud Pond VII: Environmental Concerns

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  1. Born: 03.02.1945 Education: Study of Chemical Engineering at TU Graz, 1971: Dipl.-Ing., 1974: Dr.techn.1975/76: Guest Scientist at NIST (NBS), Washington D.C., USA Career: 1978-1993: Professor for Environmental Chemistry at Technical University (TU) BerlinSince 1993: Professor for „Waste Treatment & Landfill Technology“ at Montanuniversitaet LeobenHead of IAE-Institute Memberships & Assignments: Member of the Environmental AdvisoryBoard of the Austrian Government (WASA)Certified Expert Witness & ConsultantMember of the EU-Baia Mare Task Force Team O.Univ.Prof.Dipl.-Ing.Dr.techn. Karl E. Lorber Institute forSustainable Waste Management & Technology (IAE) Montanuniversitaet Leoben Phone: +43 (0)3842/402-5101 E-Mail: iae@unileoben.ac.at

  2. ALMÁSFÜZITÖ RED MUD POND VIIO.Univ.Prof.Dr.-Ing. Karl E. Lorber

  3. ASSESMENT OF RISK POTENTIAL • Contamination of surrounding environment by leachate and air borne dust from pond. • Red mud spill by dam failure (breach). • Additional risk due to disposal of „composted“ hazardous wastes.

  4. STATE OF ART FOR LANDFILL DESIGN Risk-MinimisationbyMULTI-BARRIER Concept • Hydrogeological Barrier:→ Proper site selection with safety criteria(i.e. low risk area with impermeable underground). • Technical Barrier:→ Technical measures and installations(i.e. base liner system, leachate collection and treatment, capping system, etc.). • Internal Barrier:→ Landfilling of non-reactive waste after pretreatment and inertization. • Monitoring

  5. ALMÁSFÜZITÖ: High Risk Sitedue to non-existing Barrier Systems Photodocumentation: Observed exit of Red Mud at Embankment Dam Slope and percolating alkaline leachate at Dam Foot.

  6. RED MUD POND VII ALMÁSFÜZITÖ Existing Site-specific Risks: • Location on Bank of River in flood area • Location within earthquake prone region • Location with permeable underground of River Sediments (sands & gravel) • No Base-Liner System • No Leachate Collection System • No Capping System (only partially covered) • Questionable Dam Stability

  7. RED MUD POND VII ALMÁSFÜZITÖ • RedMudis not an inert Material • high alkalinity (˞ pH 11-12) • contains soluble compounds (e.g. Na, F, As, V, Cr, etc.) • hasthixotropicproperties CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation of Pond VII is a must!

  8. Additional Waste-specificRisk Potential→ Covering (Capping) of ALMÁSFÜZITÖ RedMud Pond VII with „Composted Hazardous Waste“ Local Authority hasissuedlicence (392-6/2010) forcappingofRedMud Pond VII whithlayerofpretreated Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Wastes. PretreatmentProcess: Aerobic biologicaltreatmentby „compostation“ toconvert Waste into „ArtificialSoil“ usedforcovering Pond VII surface.

  9. Hazardous Waste: Long listofwastes (161 EWC Code Numbers), 132,000 t/a. Non-Hazardous Waste: Alltogehter 244 EWC Code Numbers, 280,000 t/a. Liste of Waste also containsmanyinorganicsubstances.

  10. STATE OF ART FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES → CHEMICAL-PHYSICAL (CP)-TREATMENT Aerobic biologicaltreatment („compostation“) of Hazardous Waste isnot at all recognizedassustainable Methodeor not feasibleforinorganicwastes (e.g. Aluminium dross). „Composting“ of Hazardous Wastes in ALMÁSFÜZITÖ isbased on DILUTIONwith SOIL-likematerialsandhastobeconsideredashigh riskmethode.

  11. PROOF: • IR-camerapicturestakenfromcompostprismsareshowingnobiologicalactivity. • Analyzedsamplesarehavingtotally different compositioncomparedtocompost(e.g. TOC: 2-7.5 % only, but high valuesfortheparameter AOX andevaporationresidue).

  12. CONCLUSION • Red Mud Pond VII at ALMÁSFÜZITÖ already is a HIGH RISK SITE because of unfortunate local conditions and the lack of Technical Barrier Systems. • The aerobic biological treatment (or: compostation) of hazardous wastes is not at all a recognized methode and has to be considered as risky and non-sustainable.„DILUTION OF POLLUTION IS NO SOLUTION“ • Covering of the ALMÁSFÜZITÖRed Mud Pond VII with „composted Hazardous Wastes“ definitely will furtherincrease the high risk potential of the location and therefore endanger the surrounding environment.

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