Crime Scene Investigation. “There is not only the effect of the criminal on the scene to be considered, but also the manner in which the scene may have imparted traces to the criminal” (Charles E. O’Hara, Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation).
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“There is not only the effect of the criminal on the scene to be considered, but also the manner in which the scene may have imparted traces to the criminal”(Charles E. O’Hara, Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation). This quote is a restatement of Locard’s Exchange Principle
What is a crime scene? • As small as a computer or as large as a plane crash • A crime scene is the largest area that may contain evidence for later investigation
What is physical evidence? • Includes any and all objects that can establish that a crime has been committed or that can provide a link between a crime and its victim or a crime and its perpetrator
Why Forensic Science? • Forensic science is an important element of the total investigative process • It begins at the crime scene
What does crime scene investigation consist of? • Crime scene investigation consists of certain preliminaries • Followed by documentation • Then the collection and • Preservation of evidence
At the Scene…. • Secure and preserve the crime scene by: • keeping a record of anyone who enters or leaves
At the Scene…. • Secure and preserve the crime scene by: • keeping a record of anyone who enters or leaves • record and preserve evidence
At the Scene…. • Secure and preserve the crime scene by: • keeping a record of anyone who enters or leaves • record and preserve evidence • identify and locate any witnesses and keep them separate until statements have been taken
At the Scene…. • Secure and preserve the crime scene by: • keeping a record of anyone who enters or leaves • record and preserve evidence • identify and locate any witnesses and keep them separate until statements have been taken • communicate with the senior officer who is investigating
Once the scene has been secured……. • Lead investigator will • evaluate the area • establish boundaries • determine the perpetrator’s path of entry and exit
Documentation • Three methods of crime scene recording are: • 1. photography
Documentation • Three methods of crime scene recording are: • 1. Photography • 2. Sketches
Documentation • Three methods of crime scene recording are: • 1. Photography • 2. Sketches • 3. Notes
Photography • A good photographic record helps: • a. Document the facts and physical circumstances of the scene
Photography • A good photographic record helps: • a. Document the facts and physical circumstances of the scene • b. Record evidence that cannot be easily brought to court
Photography • c. Permit reconstruction of the crime
Photography • c. Permit reconstruction of the crime • d. Reveal evidence that otherwise might have been missed
Photography • c. Permit reconstruction of the crime • d. Reveal evidence that otherwise might have been missed • e. Serve to refresh the investigator’s mind at any time
Photography • To be effective, photography should meet certain fundamental criteria:
Photography • To be effective, photography should meet certain fundamental criteria: • 1. It should occur immediately-- before other stages of the investigation
Photography • To be effective, photography should meet certain fundamental criteria: • 1. It should occur immediately-- before other stages of the investigation (scene must be in an untouched condition)
Photography • 2. Each scene should be photographed as completely as possible and be documented into notes and the sketch.
Photography • Photographs should include • a. Area where crime took place, as well as any adjacent areas • b. Points of entry and exit
Photography • Photographs should include • a. Area where crime took place, as well as any adjacent areas • b. Points of entry and exit • c. Various angles
Photography • Photographs should include • a. Area where crime took place, as well as any adjacent areas • b. Points of entry and exit • c. Various angles • d. All walls and adjacent rooms (if inside)
Photography • e. Position and location of evidence and/or body relative to the entire scene
Photography • e. Position and location of evidence and/ or body relative to the entire scene • f. Close-ups of injuries, weapons, and other physical evidence
Photography • e. Position and location of evidence and/or body relative to the entire scene • f. Close-ups of injuries, weapons, and other physical evidence • g. Surface under body after it is moved
Photography • e. Position and location of body relative to the entire scene • f. Close-ups of injuries, weapons, and other physical evidence • g. Surface under body after it is moved
Photography • h. All bloodstains • i. all latent fingerprints after dusting and before they are lifted
Photography • The use of videotaping is also becoming increasingly popular as an alternative to photographs.
Sketches • Sketches are made after the photographs by the crime scene investigator • Complements the photos and notes made at the scene.
Sketches • Sketches have several advantages: • 1. can display areas photos cannot (ie. floor plan)
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