1 / 15

Nationalism in the Middle East

Nationalism in the Middle East. The Land…Jews. Over 3000 years ago Jewish kings ruled the region from Jerusalem to Palestine; driven out Never had their own land; lived in different countries throughout the world Early 1900s Zionism forms. Zionism. Theodor Herzl

shana
Télécharger la présentation

Nationalism in the Middle East

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Nationalism in the Middle East

  2. The Land…Jews • Over 3000 years ago Jewish kings ruled the region from Jerusalem to Palestine; driven out • Never had their own land; lived in different countries throughout the world • Early 1900s Zionism forms

  3. Zionism • Theodor Herzl • Creation of Jewish Homeland • 1904 Palestine was chosen as site • A few make the move to live among 700,000 Muslim Arabs.

  4. The Land…Palestinians • Both Muslims and Christian; land belonged to them since Jew were driven out around A.D. 135 • When Zionism began, already living there and did not want the Jews to infringe on their land • Late 19th early 20th century still under foreign occupation

  5. The Land…Arabs • The land has belonged to them since their conquest of the area in the 7th century • Threatened by the Jewish immigrant s of the 1920’s and 1930’s • Fighting escalates for control of towns and villages of Palestine

  6. Nationalism • Foreign Occupation: • Oil led the British to the ME in ~1900 • Ottoman Empire until their defeat in WWI; then split b/wn Allies • Effects: • Poverty • Poor education • No say in politics • Nationalism led to independence by end of WWII

  7. Western influences remained strong • Pan-Arabism spread • Arab League formed in 1945

  8. Israel: A New State • By 1947 Palestine was the only Euro-ruled territory • GB was struggling to keep control • McMahon Letter (1915) • Balfour Declaration (1917) • WWII brings changes (1938) • VIOLENCE! • GB hands conflict over to the UN

  9. Palestine is partitioned on Nov. 29, 1941 • State of Israel is declared on May 14, 1948 • David Ben-Gurion is Prime Minister • US declares support for Israel

  10. 1948-1949 War • Israel attacked by Arab countries w/in 24 hrs – Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria • Israel crushed them in months but war will break out again…

  11. The Suez Crisis (1956) • The 2nd conflict • 1952 Gamal Abdel Nasser = Egypt’s pres • New policies • Gave land to peasants • Get British w/drawal from the Suez canal • Build up military • 1956 he nationalized the Suez Canal • GB, FR and IS invade • UN pressures them to w/draw

  12. Six Day War (1967) • 1964 Palestinians form the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO); Goals: • Eliminate IS • Create a new Palestinian state • Leader = Yasir Arafat • Violence w/ neighbors leads IS to attack the Arabs and win in 6 days • Results – IS triples their land! • Golan Heights from Syria • Half of Jerusalem from the Arabs • West Bank from Jordan

  13. Yom Kippur War (1973) • New leaders • Anwar Sadat (EG) – a “peacemaker” • Golda Meir (IS) • Egypt and Syria declared war on IS to gain lost lands • Early success for EG and SY but in the end fail • UN forced a cease-fire

More Related