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Nationalism and the American System: Economic Self-Sufficiency in Early 19th Century America

The concept of nationalism flourished in the early 19th century, exemplified by the American System proposed by Henry Clay. Aimed at promoting internal improvements like roads and canals, it sought to achieve a strong economy and reduce conflict through increased trade and transportation. Key Supreme Court cases such as McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden reinforced federal powers to support this vision. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 attempted to address sectionalism by maintaining an equal balance of slave and free states, influencing future debates on slavery in the expanding nation.

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Nationalism and the American System: Economic Self-Sufficiency in Early 19th Century America

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  1. 9.2The ISMs March 12, 2014

  2. Nationalism • Feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation • American Systems: a series of measures intended to make the US economically self-sufficient • Hint: STRONG ECONOMY=HAPPY PEOPLE=LESS CONFLICT • Created by Henry Clay • Felt the way to improve nationalism was to promote internal improvements (aka roads and canals!) • Many members of Congress believed that the constitution did NOT permit gov’t to spend $$ on this!

  3. Roads & Canals • Early 1800s  DIRT ROADS! • Cumberland Road: first road built by the federal government. • No bulldozers or heavy equipment! • Erie Canal: canal built from Albany  Buffalo, NY • Roads and Canals helped make transportation easier for Americans • Allowed goods and people to be moved faster and cheaper from place to place

  4. Era of Good Feelings • 1815-1825: time of peace, pride & progress in the US – 2 cases strengthened Fed. Gov’t • McCulloch v. Maryland • Maryland taxed any bank not chartered in the state – including the national bank • McCulloch refused to pay the tax – Maryland sued McCullough • Outcome: allowed Congress to use implied powers to charter the Second National Bank; tax is unconstitutional • Gibbons v. Ogden • Gibbons & Ogden were rival steamboat operators – wanted control of the same rivers in NY • Outcome: the states could not interfere with the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce

  5. Missouri Compromise • Sectionalism: disagreements between the different regions of the US • Conflict arose over Missouri entering into the Union – should it be a slave state?? • At the time 11 slave states & 11 free states • Missouri would make it uneven! • First: House proposed an amendment • Missouri as slave state • No importing African Americans • Set free kids of Missouri Slaves Southerners & Senate said NOOOOO.

  6. Missouri Compromise of 1820 • Henry Clay convinced Congress to agree to the Missouri Compromise • 3 main conditions: • Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state • Maine would join the Union as a free state, keeping the number of slave and free states equal • Slavery would be prohibited in any new territories or states formed nor of the 36°30’ latitude – Missouri’s southern border

  7. 9.2 Content Questions (due tomorrow!) • What is nationalism? • Who proposed the American System? What was the purpose of the American system? • How did the American people benefit from roads and canals? • Explain McCulloch v Maryland and Gibbons v Ogden…what were they, what was decided? • What were the 3 parts of the Missouri Compromise? (in your own words)

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