Standardized Test Prep Grammar and Usage

1. Standardized Test Prep Grammar and Usage Grammar and Usage: Section 1 Grammar and Usage: Section 2 Handout

2. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A. EXAMPLE 1. In 1990, restoration began on the Sphinx, it is an ancient Egyptian statue. • (A) Sphinx, it is an ancient Egyptian statue • (B) Sphinx because it is an ancient Egyptian statue • Sphinx, an ancient Egyptian statue • Sphinx, being an ancient Egyptian statue • (E) Sphinx when it was an ancient Egyptian statue (C) Sphinx, an ancient Egyptian statue

3. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A. 1. The magnificent glass pyramids at the Louvre, which were designed by the American architect I. M. Pei. • (A) The magnificent glass pyramids at the Louvre, which were designed by the American architect I. M. Pei. • (B) Being designed by the American architect I. M. Pei, the magnificent glass pyramids at the Louvre. • (C) The American architect I. M. Pei, who designed the magnificent glass pyramids at the Louvre. • The American architect I. M. Pei designed the magnificent glass pyramids at the Louvre. • I. M. Pei, an American architect, designing the magnificent glass pyramids at the Louvre.

4. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A. 2. Have you read about the tornado that damaged so many homes in today’s paper? • (A) about the tornado that damaged so many homes in today’s paper • (B) in today’s paper about the tornado that damaged so many homes • (C) about the tornado in today’s paper that damaged so many homes • about the destructive tornado in today’s paper • today about the destructive tornado in the paper

5. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A. 3. Most people believe that the Loch Ness monster is just a myth, sightings of the monster continue to be reported. • (A) myth, sightings of the monster continue to be reported • (B) myth, and people report still seeing the monster • (C) myth. Sightings of the monster continue to be reported • myth; sightings of the monster continue to be reported • myth; however, sightings of the monster continue to be reported

6. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A. 4. Tamara told Jenny that she probably made an A. • (A) that she probably made an A • (B) that an A was probably what she made • (C) that Jenny probably made an A • about her making an A probably • that her grade was probably an A

7. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A. 5. To fully appreciate many of Gary Soto’s stories, some knowledge of Mexican American culture is necessary. • (A) some knowledge of Mexican American culture is necessary • (B) the reader needs some knowledge of Mexican American culture • (C) you must learn all about Mexican American culture • knowing something about Mexican American culture • the necessity is to know about Mexican American culture

8. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A. 6. In this article, it says that the Chinese were using paper money by the thirteenth century. • (A) In this article, it says that the Chinese were using paper money by the thirteenth century. • (B) According to this article, it says that the Chinese were using paper money by the thirteenth century. • (C) By the thirteenth century, the Chinese in this article were using paper money. • In this article, they say that the Chinese were using paper money by the thirteenth century. • According to this article, the Chinese were using paper money by the thirteenth century.

9. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A. 7. The capital of Liberia, Monrovia, which was named by freed slaves in honor of President James Monroe. • (A) The capital of Liberia, Monrovia, which was named by freed slaves in honor of President James Monroe. • (B) Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, named by freed slaves in honor of President James Monroe. • (C) Named by freed slaves, Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, in honor of President James Monroe. • In honor of President James Monroe, freed slaves named the capital of Liberia Monrovia. • In honor of President James Monroe, freed slaves who named Monrovia the capital of Liberia.

10. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A. 8. I bought a collar for my kitten that has a reflective tag and a breakaway buckle. • (A) for my kitten that has a reflective tag and a breakaway buckle • (B) for my kitten with a reflective tag and a breakaway buckle • (C) that has a reflective tag and a breakaway buckle for my kitten • for my kitten having a reflective tag and a breakaway buckle • for my kitten, and it has a reflective tag and a breakaway buckle

11. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A. 9. Henry Ford wanted to make his cars affordable to everyone; that is why he developed an efficient assembly-line method for manufacturing them. • (A) Henry Ford wanted to make his cars affordable to everyone; that is why he developed an efficient assembly-line method for manufacturing them. • (B) Henry Ford wanted to make his cars affordable to everyone so that he could develop an efficient assembly-line method for manufacturing them. • (C) Henry Ford wanted to make his cars affordable to everyone because he developed an efficient assembly-line method for manufacturing them. • Henry Ford developed an efficient assembly-line method for manufacturing his cars because he wanted to make them affordable to everyone. • To develop an efficient assembly-line method for manufacturing his cars, Henry Ford wanted to make them affordable to everyone.

12. Grammar and Usage: Section 1 DIRECTIONS: Using the rules of formal, standard English, choose the revision that most clearly expresses the meaning of the underlined part of each item. If there is no error, choose A. 10. Having seen that people in some countries were denied basic civil rights, my uncle’s appreciation for the Bill of Rights grew. • (A) Having seen that people in some countries were denied basic civil rights, my uncle’s appreciation for the Bill of Rights grew. • (B) My uncle, having seen the Bill of Rights, knew that people in some countries were denied basic civil rights. • (C) When basic civil rights are denied people in some countries, my uncle’s appreciation for the Bill of Rights grows. • My uncle’s appreciation for people denied basic civil rights in some countries grew as he read the Bill of Rights. • My uncle’s appreciation for the Bill of Rights grew after he had seen that people in some countries were denied basic civil rights.

13. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 DIRECTIONS: Read the paragraph below. On the following slides, select the word or word group that best completes the sentence. An electron microscope, using a beam of electrons, __1__ a magnified image. Unlike an optical microscope, __2__ instrument does not depend on __3__ light rays. Instead, an electron lens __4_ a system of electromagnetic coils that focus the electron beam. The electrons __5__, of course, aren’t visible to the naked eye. Rather, __6__ are directed at a specimen to form __7__ image on a photographic plate. The wavelength of an electron beam is __8__ than the wavelength of light. Therefore, __9__ magnification is possible with an electron microscope __10__ optical microscope.

14. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 DIRECTIONS: For each numbered blank, select the word or word group that best completes the sentence. 1. (A) create (B) is creating (C) creates (D) will create (E) will have created An electron microscope, using a beam of electrons, __1__ a magnified image. Unlike an optical microscope, __2__ instrument does not depend on __3__ light rays. Instead, an electron lens __4_ a system of electromagnetic coils that focus the electron beam. 2. (A) this here (B) this (C) these (D) these kind of (E) that there

15. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 DIRECTIONS: For each numbered blank, select the word or word group that best completes the sentence. An electron microscope, using a beam of electrons, __1__ a magnified image. Unlike an optical microscope, __2__ instrument does not depend on __3__ light rays. Instead, an electron lens __4_ a system of electromagnetic coils that focus the electron beam. 3. (A) any (B) not one (C) no (D) hardly any (E) barely some

16. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 DIRECTIONS: For each numbered blank, select the word or word group that best completes the sentence. An electron microscope, using a beam of electrons, __1__ a magnified image. Unlike an optical microscope, __2__ instrument does not depend on __3__ light rays. Instead, an electron lens __4_ a system of electromagnetic coils that focus the electron beam. 4. (A) use (B) has used (C) will use (D) uses (E) has been using

17. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 DIRECTIONS: For each numbered blank, select the word or word group that best completes the sentence. 5. (A) themself (B) themselves (C) theirself (D) theirselves (E) itself The electrons __5__, of course, aren’t visible to the naked eye. Rather, __6__ are directed at a specimen to form __7__ image on a photographic plate. The wavelength of an electron beam is __8__ than the wavelength of light. Therefore, __9__ magnification is possible with an electron microscope __10__ optical microscope. 6. (A) them (B) it (C) that (D) this (E) they

18. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 DIRECTIONS: For each numbered blank, select the word or word group that best completes the sentence. 7. (A) its (B) their (C) they’re (D) its’ (E) it’s The electrons __5__, of course, aren’t visible to the naked eye. Rather, __6__ are directed at a specimen to form __7__ image on a photographic plate. The wavelength of an electron beam is __8__ than the wavelength of light. Therefore, __9__ magnification is possible with an electron microscope __10__ optical microscope. 8. (A) short (B) shorter (C) more short (D) more shorter (E) shortest

19. Grammar and Usage: Section 2 DIRECTIONS: For each numbered blank, select the word or word group that best completes the sentence. 9. (A) good (B) gooder (C) better (D) more better (E) more good The electrons __5__, of course, aren’t visible to the naked eye. Rather, __6__ are directed at a specimen to form __7__ image on a photographic plate. The wavelength of an electron beam is __8__ than the wavelength of light. Therefore, __9__ magnification is possible with an electron microscope __10__ optical microscope. 10. (A) then with an (B) then with a (C) than with an (D) than with a (E) then a View All Answers

20. The End