1. April 23 Immigration

2. Add the following words to your Essential Vocabulary: USE Your America Textbook to define…… • Capitalism-Privately owned businesses; compete in free market for profit. • Socialism- Gov’t or people on means of production. • Anarchism –Gov’t is wrong and not even necessary • Communism-No private property or class system.

3. Triangle Shirt Waist-Check Homework • What three things shock or surprise you most about this event? • Who was the average employee at the Traingle Shirtwaist Factory? • Do you think the owners of the factory were to blame for the deaths of the workers? Why or why not? • What changes would you make to factory conditions to prevent a similar disaster from occurring?

4. The New Colossus “…From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. ‘Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!’” -Emma Lazarus, 1883 (the first 4 lines are missing from this excerpt)

5. Ellis Island, NY • From 1892 to 1954, over twelve million immigrants entered the United States through the portal of Ellis Island. • First federal immigration station in U.S. (1890; designated by Pres. Benjamin Harrison). • Prior to this, states handled immigration individually.

6. Ellis Island • In its first year, Ellis Island processed almost 450,000 immigrants. • Immigrants waited hours and went through a series of “tests” to gain entry

7. Step 2:The Exam • As you walked up the entry steps to the Great Hall, the doctors looked at you to see if you had problems breathing or if you were limping. • Letters were put on those w/ “problems”. • L = lameness • PG = pregnant • X in a circle definite mental illness • X= possible mental illness

8. Waiting For Process Agents • Remind you of anything?

9. Medical Exam Continued • Next, doctors rolled back your eyelids with a button hook or their fingers. • Checked for a disease called trachoma (causes you to go blind and is contagious.) • The buttonhooks were rarely, if ever, sterilized.

10. More Waiting…

11. Step 3: Legal Exam Last step was the legal exam. They were asked about 30 questions in 2 minutes. Questions like: • What is your name? • Do you have any relatives here? • Do you have a criminal record? • Have you ever been to the United States before? You had to pass these questions and be able to give $25 US dollars to finally make it into America.

12. More waiting…

13. The Kissing Post • On passing all of their tests, the immigrants would be reunited at the “Kissing Post”. • There was a lot of kissing (and thanking God). • They would then go onto trains, boats, or buses for their trip into New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, or elsewhere.

14. Heartbreak… and Exile • Those who failed the medical exam were at best Quarantined. • At worst rejected… • Those who failed the legal exam were immediately rejected.

15. Heartbreak… and Exile • Those who failed the medical exam were at best Quarantined. • At worst rejected… • Those who failed the legal exam were immediately rejected. These men were considered “radicals”, and were awaiting the next boat back home

16. What they had to look forward to • Most immigrants came to the country with little or no resources. • Many were taken advantage of in slums, sweatshops and low wage, back-breaking labor

17. Welcome Home…

20. Sweatshops: few opportunities for women

22. No money = tight quarters • Sweatshops weren’t just places of employment. • Workers often slept in the exact spot where they toiled all day

23. Essential Question: How does (did) immigration affect the United States?