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Unit One Names

Unit One Names. A rose by any other name would smell as sweet. ---Shakespeare. Period 1. Getting Ready.

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Unit One Names

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  1. Unit OneNames A rose by any other name would smell as sweet. ---Shakespeare

  2. Period 1

  3. Getting Ready 1. Read the English names and decide which are for boys and which are for girls. Then put them either in Column A or Column B. Try to guess their meanings and write them down as well.

  4. Dorothy, Richard, Lily, Catherine, Victor, Charles

  5. Dorothy, Richard, Lily, Catherine, Victor, Charles Boy’s name Meaning Girl’s name Meaning Richard brave Dorothy gift Victor winner Lily lily Charles man of the common people Catherine truthful

  6. Pair work:Think of some Chinese first names and their meanings, then write them down below. • 1) Name:___________________ • Meaning: ________________ • 2) Name:___________________ • Meaning: ________________ • 3) Name:___________________ • Meaning: ________________

  7. Group Work Work in groups and tell how each of you got your own name and whether it has any special meaning. Then report to the class.

  8. Reading 1. Find from the following sentences the one that best sums up the main idea of the text. A. People’s names came into existence in different ways. B. A name sometimes says something nice about someone. C. Names are the quickest and easiest—and friendliest—way to say who’s who. D. People make up a lot of names for themselves. A

  9. 2. Read the text again and decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. • 1) People’s names are always changing, a little or a lot. • 2) People can tell others apart by using their first names. • 3) A long time ago, people only got first names. • 4) The name Kingcook shows that the person with this name is a king himself. T F T F

  10. 5) John is the son of Johnson.6)A person nicknamed Longfellow must be short and stout.7) Tom Read and Tom Reade may have the same ancestor. F F T 3. DiscussionWork in groups and discuss the difference between Chinese names and English names.

  11. Period 2

  12. 这帮家伙难道知道答案？ Pair Work Work with your partner and tell in your own words how the English names came into existence according to the text. Then compare the origins of English names with those of Chinese names.

  13. Englishsurnames developed in the late Middle Ages and, apart from patronymics（源于父名的姓和名字）(Adams, Jefferson, Jackson, Harrison), have a variety of origins; they come from places (Lincoln, Garfield, Cleveland), from trades (Tyler, Taylor), from personal traits（特性）(Stout, Black), and from the calendar (Noël, May). The Chinese have had surnames long before the period of the Three Emperors and Five Kings (三皇五帝). All members in a Chinese family have the same last name (surname, family name). Children all bear the same last name as their parents.

  14. All members in a Chinese family have the same last name (surname, family name). Children all bear the same last name as their parents. The list of “Hundred Names” was compiled many years ago by order of the Emperor as the 100 most popular surnames in China at the time. School children used to memorize them, or at least the first few names from the list.The top 8 Chinese last names are: Zhao Qian Sun Li, Zhou Wu Zheng Wang.

  15. Language Points • At Christmas time he did. 圣诞节时他有胡子。at Christmas time = at Christmas 在圣诞节期间 on Christmas Dayon Christmas Eve 在圣诞节 在圣诞前夕,在平安夜

  16. 2. People are always changing, a little or a lot.人们或多或少总是在改变的。Always在这里是”再三地,总是”的意思,常与进行时态连用,表示一种感情色彩.Example: They are always complaining. 他们总是抱怨个没完. (有批评意味)always的其他意思:1) 总是;每次都是;无例外地The sun always rises in the east.He’s not always at home in the evening.2) 永远;始终;一直She has always been easy to get along with.This is what I have always said and always shall say.3) 不论怎样总还……You can always sleep on the floor tonight.

  17. 3. But people’s names stay the same. 但是人们的名字不变。stay 联系动词,意思是”保持(某种状态)”,后跟adj.、n.和prep. phrase等作表语。Example: He stayed awake until the whole house is sleeping.The unemployment rate stayed below 5%.stay常作行为动词，意思是“停留；暂住” 。Please stay for supper.He stayed up until 12 o’clock.stay还可以作n.，表示“停止、终止、阻止”的意思。 The soldiers marched forward without stop or stay.We’ll make no stay in London.与stay相关的短语：stay ahead 领先；占上风 stay in 在家，未外出stay away 不在，离开 stay behind 依旧落在……后边stay on 继续停留/留下；保持 stay up 熬夜stay one’s hand （使某人）暂缓行动

  18. 4. Her name means that she is pretty and sweet like lily. “Catherine” comes from a word meaning “truthful”. 她的名字意思是她像百合花一样美丽、甜美。凯瑟琳这个名字来源于一个意思是“真诚”的词。 中文名 英文名 花语 百合 lily 纯净/神圣 水仙 daffodil 自尊/自恋 紫荆 redbud 故情/手足情 紫罗兰 violet 信任/爱的羁绊 玫瑰 rose 爱情/爱与美

  19. 5. Without a last name to go with your first name, how could people tell which Richard or which Lily you were? 只有名，没有姓，别人怎么能分出是哪个理查德或哪个丽莉呢？1) without a last name to go with your first name 是“without＋复合宾语”，用法与“with＋复合宾语”相同。Without a person to turn to for help, he had to go there alone.找不到可以帮忙的人，他只好独自前往。2) go with 与……相配搭I want to buy a skirt to go with this T-shirt.

  20. 6. As there got to be more and more people in the world, it became harder and harder to tell them apart. 世界上的人越来越多，越来越难于分清楚谁是谁了。1）tell apart“区别；分辨”Can you tell the twins apart? 你能分辨出这对双胞胎吗？2）tell 常与can, could, be able to 连用，“辨别，分辨，认出，识别”的意思。I can never tell natural silk from artificial. 我分辨不出真丝和人造丝。Can you tell a policeman when he is out of uniform? 警察不穿制服时你认得出他们吗？

  21. 7. So people began making up last names for themselves — now called family names or surnames. 所以人们开始给自己造一个姓（last name）——现在在英语里也叫作 family name或surname.make up在此句中是“创造，编造”的意思。The teacher asked the students to make up a story about a trip to the moon.老师让学生们编一个去月球旅行的故事。make up的其它常见用法：1）和解，言归于好Mary and Ann quarreled, but made up after a while. 玛丽和安吵了架，但一会儿就和好了。

  22. 2）弥补，把……补上He must make up the work he missed. 他必须把他漏掉的工作补上。3）补足，凑足We still need $ 5 to make up the sum we asked for.我们还需要5美元才能凑足我们所需要的数目。4）化妆，打扮The actors were making up when we arrived. 我们到达的时候，演员们正在化妆。5）包好，铺好（床），缝制（衣物）The shop assistant made up the parcel expertly.这个店员熟练地包好了包裹。6）构成，占Women make up 30% of the smokers. 妇女占了吸烟者中的30％。

  23. 8. Sometimes in choosing a last name, a man would think about the kind of work he did. 有时候，一个人在挑选姓的时候会考虑到自己所做的工作。1）the kind of work he did 中he did是前面省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰 work。2）think about这里是“考虑，思考”的意思。9.Instead of iron, some smiths worked with gold or silver. 有些匠人不做铁匠活而做金子、银子活。work with sth. “从事……，做有关……方面的工作”。

  24. 【辨析】work at, work in, work over, work out, work up1) work at 致力于，研习You’ll never become good at tennis, unless you work at it.除非你下点功夫，否则你永远打不好网球。2) work in 插入，巧妙地把……放进In his speech, he worked in a mention of the help she gave. 在他的讲话中，他提到了她给他人的帮助。3) work over 充分研究，彻底检查For my term paper I worked over 30 volumes of Roman history.我为写学期论文仔细查阅了30卷罗马史。 4) work out 想出，制定出，算出；弄懂，知道They worked out their own road to socialism.他们开辟了一条带有他们自己特色的社会主义道路。I can’t work out the meaning of the poem. 我弄不懂这首诗的意思。5) work up 逐步建立，逐步发展；精心作出He worked up the firm from nothing. 他白手起家建立了这家公司。They worked up a plan. 他们制定了周密的计划。

  25. 10. Sometimes the names became shortened to Tom Gold or Tom Silver.有时候，这些名字缩略成汤姆·高尔德（Gold的音译）或者汤姆·西尔维尔（Silver的音译）。1) shorten vt. 弄短，缩短，减少Can you shorten my overcoat?你能把我的大衣改短些吗？She tried to shorten the waiting time at the dentist’s by reading a magazine.她翻阅一本杂志，试图以此来使在牙科诊所等待的时间过得快些。2) shorten vi. 变短，缩短，缩小The days are rapidly shortening.白昼在很快地缩短。

  26. 【联想】-en是一个常用的构成动词的后缀，往往加在形容词后面。deepen 加深，深化 widen 加宽，扩展sharpen 削尖，磨快 strengthen 加强，巩固lengthen 延长,（使）变长 tighten 变紧，拉紧，绷紧11. A man with red hair might be called Tom Red. 一个红头发的人被叫作汤姆·里德（Tom Red的音译）。with在这里的意思是“具有，带有，有……特征”。He is a man with ideas. 他是一个有思想的人。Mr. Smith often wears a coat with four pockets.史密斯先生常穿一件有四只口袋的外套。Her father is a man with hot temper. 她父亲是一个脾气暴躁的人。

  27. 【比较】介词of 也可表特征，性质，内容，情绪，状况等。He is a man of ability. 他是一个有能力的人。She is just a girl of ten. 她只是一个10岁的女孩。It is a matter of importance. 这是一个极其重要的问题。I am glad of your success. 我为你的成功而感到高兴。【联想】with的其它用法：1）和……在一起，同…… She lives with her mother. 她同她母亲生活在一起。They are discussing the matter with the foreign friends. 他们在同外国朋友讨论问题。

  28. 2）用，用……工具The field was covered with snow.田野被雪覆盖了。She saw the strange bird with her own eyes.她亲眼看见那只奇怪的鸟。3）在……身边，带有（表从属关系）I have no money with me.我身上没带钱。The town lies in the valley with green hills around it. 小镇位于一个青山环抱的山谷中。 4）因为，由于（表原因） He is down with high fever. 他发高烧病倒了。The little girl was shivering with cold. 那小女孩冷得发抖。5）尽管，虽然（表让步）With all his money, he is not happy. 他虽然有很多钱，但并不幸福。With all her achievements, she remains modest. 尽管她很有成就，她仍很谦虚。6）构成复合结构作状语：He lay awake on the bed, with his eyes wide open.他醒着躺在床上，眼睛睁得大大的。

  29. 12. But sometimes down through the years, the name was changed. 但是有时候长期流传下来的名字会变样。1）这个句子本来语序应为：But sometimes, the name was changed down through the years.将down through the years置于主句之前，是为了强调。2）为了加强语气，人们常用强调句型：“It is/was + 被强调部分（除谓语动词以外）＋that+ 其余部分。” ------He was born in Shanghai in 1971. It was in Shanghai that he was born in 1971.他1971年就是在上海出生的。（强调地点）It was in 1971that he was born in Shanghai.就是在1971年他出生于上海 。（强调时间）

  30. 13. What if he had a big foot? 如果他的脚很大，他又该叫什么呢？这个句子是就前一句的省略，全句应为What name might he have if he had a big foot? What if they won’t turn up? = What shall we do if they won’t turn up? 如果他们不来我们该怎么办？What if the rain won’t stop? 如果雨不停该怎么办？

  31. Period 3

  32. Language FocusWord Power 1. Find out the words from the text to roughly match the definitions given below. 1）hair growing on the chin and the lower cheeks of a man’s face (para.1)2）attractive and charming (para.2)3）(of a person) honest in what he says (para.2)4）courageous/having no fear (para. 2)5）name shared by all the members of a family (para. 3) beard loving truthful brave surname

  33. 6）person whose job is making or repairing wooden objects and structures (para. 4)7）person whose job is making or repairing things made of iron (para. 5)8）(cause sth. to) become shorter (para. 6)9）having the desire or need to drink (para. 7)10）person who has sb. as an ancestor (para. 8) carpenter blacksmith shorten thirsty descendant

  34. 2. Complete the following sentences, using the proper forms of the words above. 1) It was __________ of her to go into that burning building to save the child.2) The majority of British women adopt their husbands’ __________ when they marry.3) John’s father is a well-known __________ whose job is making and repairing wooden things.4) After he lost the game, he began to grow a __________ as he had promised his team members. 5) Jim was a __________ husband and father. But ever since he got addicted to drinking, he has changed all to the opposite. brave surname carpenter beard loving

  35. 6) We’ve all learnt to be fairly __________ about our personal lives.7) They are __________ of the original English and Scottish settlers.8) You may drink some water whenever you feel __________ during exercises.9) When the days __________ in winter, some people suffer from depression.10) That old __________ died of a heart attack the day before yesterday. truthful descendants thirsty shorten balcksmith

  36. 3. Study the following words from the text and use them to complete the sentences below. Change the forms if necessary. the prettiest 1) She looks ___________ in her class.2) What is the ________ of the town where you live?3) I spent a three-week ________ at my uncle’s during the summer holiday.4) She seemed ________ satisfied with the result.5) They ________ friends for 50 years. name stay pretty stay

  37. 6) I like ________ Chinese dishes for my foreign friends.7) I’m not much of a ________ myself, but still I will cook you something for dinner.8) The baby was ________ after its grandfather.9) As he is always cheerful, he has got the ________ “Smiler”.10) Well, this leather is as hard as ________.11) I prefer to ________ my shirts while they are still damp.12) He was ________ Longfellow because he was much taller than all his classmates. to cook cook named nickname iron ironing nicknamed

  38. Language Feature Phrasal Verbs Separable phrasal verbs v. + (noun / pronoun) + particle (proposition / adverb) eg: tell (sb./sth.) apart Inseparable phrasal verbs v. + particle (proposition / adverb) + (noun / pronoun) eg: come from (sth.)

  39. Study the following phrasal verbs and their definitions listed below. Fill in each blank in the following sentences with the appropriate phrasal verb. Be sure to use the correct tense of the verb in each sentence.come from (sth.): be a product of (a place or a thing)go with (sth.): (= go together) combine well with sth / harmonize with sth. tell (sb./sth.) apart: distinguish two people or things / recognize the difference between two people or thingsmake (sth.) up: invent sth.used to: frequently did sth.

  40. 1) It’s very hard to _______ the twins ______.2) I couldn’t remember a story to tell the children, so I _______ one ______ as I went along.3) Her blouse doesn’t _________ her skirt.4) Milk ____________ cows and goats.5) Life here is much easier than it ________ be. tell apart made up go with comes from used to 2. Choose from below the appropriate phrasal verb to fill in each of the blanks so as to make the story complete.fill in look up break down figure out wake up calm down turn on get out of take out

  41. It was a cold and lonely night. Forgetful Frank was on his way to visit his uncle when his car suddenly ___________. He was angry and upset, but after a while, he _________. It was dark, so Smith _________ a flashlight from his sack. Then he took out his car manual. He tried to _____ “what to do when your car breaks down in the middle of nowhere” , but he didn’t find anything in the manual. Next, he __________ the car and looked under the hood. He wasn’t able to __________ what the problem was. Then Smith began to understand. He asked himself, “Did I _______ my tank with gas?” The answer, of course, was no. Luckily there was a house near by. He knocked on the door and shouted, but nobody answered. There were no other houses. There was no telephone. “What should I do now?” asked Frank. Then, just as he turned around to go back to his car, another car crashed into the back of his car. Suddenly, the people in the house _________ and _________ the lights. Poor Frank felt like crying. broke down calm down took out look up got out of figure out fill in woke up turn on

  42. Period 4

  43. Grammar The Future Continuous Tense Pair work (2 minutes):Discuss with your partner what the future continuous tense is and how it is formed. And tell how it is used. Study the ruleWork with your partner and read aloud the following dialogue. Pay special attention to the italicized parts and tell what they have in common.

  44. A: Say, do you know what they are doing now?B: They are now sitting in their classroom and listening to a tape.A: What will they be doing this time tomorrow?B: They will be watching a film.A: You mean they will not have class tomorrow.B: No. Tomorrow is Saturday and there is no class. So they will not be sitting in the classroom. A: What will they do the day after tomorrow? Will they be practising their English this time the day after tomorrow?B: No. They will be doing other things. To be exact, Bill will be playing tennis, Ann will be shopping and George will be riding his newly-bought bicycle with his friends.A: I see….

  45. Find the ruleForm(s): Affirmative Negative

  46. Interrogative Usages 1. The future continuous tense is used to expressa continuous action in the future. • Examples:They are now studying. But they will be playing games at 4:30.When you arrive, they’ll still be cooking the meal. TIPS: Like other continuous tense, it is normally used with a point in time, and expresses an action which starts before that time and probably continues after it. It can also be used with a verb in a simple tense.

  47. 2) The future continuous tense is used to express future without intention Examples:a) I’ll be seeing Jane tomorrow.b) I’m seeing Jane tomorrow. TIPS: It is used to state that an action will happen in the normal course of events. It’s less definite and more casual than the present continuous. But often either tense can be used.

  48. Apply the rule1) Just tell me what you _____________ this time tomorrow morning so that I can make arrangements about carrying out our plans. (do)2) I won’t be free this afternoon and I cannot attend the four o’clock meeting. I _______________ a friend at the airport. (see)3) Look! The procession is passing us now. It _______________ your school in about ten minutes. (pass)4) He ________________ at about four o’clock in the afternoon, for his plane will be taking off at about half past five. (leave)5) The plane with the NBA All-Stars ______________ soon and the fans are all very excited. (arrive) will be doing will be seeing will be passing will be leaving will be arriving

  49. shall be using 6) A: Dear Prof. Smith, ______ we __________ this book next term? (use) B: No, you won’t be (using this book).7) Your last play was really a great success. _____ you __________ another play soon? (put on)8) We really enjoy the time that we’ve spent together. When _____ you __________ us again? (visit) Will putting on will be visiting Role play Suppose you and your partner are going to Beijing next week to take part in an English Speaking Contest. Imagine your trip to Beijing and tell you will be doing there.Your talk may begin like this:A; Hey, you know, I’m so excited.B: Are you? Why?A: We’re going to Beijing next week and we’ll be sightseeing in the capital city!B: …

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