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Javad Sadeghi javad@iust.ac.ir

FractVRML: A New Proposition to Extend X3D with Fractal Geometry. Iran University of Science and Technology Computer Engineering Department Information Visualization Group. Mohsen Sharifi msharifi@iust.ac.ir. Javad Sadeghi javad@iust.ac.ir. Objective.

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Javad Sadeghi javad@iust.ac.ir

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  1. FractVRML: A New Proposition to Extend X3D with Fractal Geometry Iran University of Science and Technology Computer Engineering Department Information Visualization Group Mohsen Sharifi msharifi@iust.ac.ir Javad Sadeghi javad@iust.ac.ir

  2. Objective • X3D is a XML-based markup language that is successor of VRML and we plan to make a profile for X3D with Fractal Geometry • In this project we propose FractVRML profile that uses GeoVRML standard notation and claims that helps X3D to better support Virtual Reality

  3. Fractals Z = Z2 + c

  4. Recognizable Shapes Even a semicircle! A triangle A rectangle Perhaps a square All familiar shapes from Euclidean Geometry A parallelogram 1/20

  5. Shapes From Natural World They can’t be easily described with Euclidean shapes 2/20

  6. Why is geometry often described as ‘cold’ or ‘dry’? One reason lies in its inability to describe the shape of a cloud, a mountain, a coastline, or a tree. Clouds are not spheres, mountains are not cones, coastlines are not circles, and bark is not smooth, nor does lightning travel in a straight line.” Fractal Concepts • Fractus • Fractal Features • Self Similarity • Independence of Scale • Fractal Dimension Benoit Mandelbrot, the father of fractal geometry, from his bookThe Fractal Geometry of Nature, 1982. 3/20

  7. Virtual Reality

  8. Virtual Reality Systems • A 3D System • Interaction • Manipulation • Navigation • Applications • Data Visualization • Training • Design and Modeling • Entertainment • Medical Applications • See hidden real world features • Simulate dangerous / expensive situations 4/20

  9. Authoring VRML Worlds • ASCII text file : .wrl • Platform Independent • 3D Authoring tools • Exporters (3DSMAX, Truespace, …) • World Builders (Spazz3d, Paragraph, …) • Text Editor • VRML Plug-Ins • CosmoPlayer (SGI) • WorldView (Intervista) • Live 3D (Netscape) • Cortona (Parallel Graphics) • Contact (Blaxxun Interactive) 5/20

  10. Applications of Fractals in VR • 3D Visualization • Scene Graph Arc. • Artificial Life • PseudoFractal • JavaScript • LOD • LevelOfDetail Tree.wrl 6/20

  11. X3D

  12. X3D (Extensible 3D) • The next generation Open Web3D standard • X3D will replace VRML 97 when approved as at ISO • Concerted action by key VRML browser companies • Blaxxun, Nexternet, OpenWorlds, ParallelGraphics • State-of-the-art Extensible Architecture • Enables small core plus flexibility to meet diverse market needs • Provides full compatibility with VRML 97 • Protecting existing content • A key influencer on other industry standards • MPEG-4, XML 7/20

  13. Profiles • Interchange • Geometry, Texture, and Animation • Interactive • Interactive User Controls • Extensible • Interactive + Script node/PROTOs/SAI • Base • Full 3D Experience • Full • Everything 8/20

  14. Members & Industry Leaders 9/20

  15. FractVRML

  16. Fractal Modeling Life Cycle 10/20

  17. 3D Fractals • Quaternion Arithmetic • A + i B + j C + k D • i2 = j2 = k2 = -1 • ij = -ji = k • jk = - kj= i • ki = -ik = j • HyperComplex Numbers • 3D IFS • Pov-Ray 11/20

  18. Fractal Visualization Systems • Escape-Time Landscapes (ETL) • Roving Riemann Spheres (RRS) 12/20

  19. Data Structure • FractMetadata • FractOrigin • FractCoordinate • FractLOD • FractPositionInterpolator • FractTouchSensor • FractViewpoint • FractElevationGrid • 8 new nodes added to X3D: • information about the fractal data • translates fractal coordinates for view • build geometry using fractal coords • multi-resolution terrain level of detail • animate objects with fractal coords • query geometry for its fractal location • specify viewpoint in fractal coords • define height field in fractal coords 13/20

  20. Example: FractLOD • Provide scalability features through the FractLOD node. • FractLOD provides quadtree based level of detail • Supports BSP tree FractLOD : X3DGroupingNode { MFNode [in] addChildren [X3DSwitchNode] MFNode [in] removeChildren [X3DSwitchNode] MFNode [out] children [] [X3DSwitchNode] SFVec3d [] center 000 (-∞,∞) MFString [] child1Url [] [urn] MFString [] child2Url [] [urn] MFString [] child3Url [] [urn] MFString [] child4Url [] [urn] SFNode [] fractOrigin NULL [FractOrigin] MFString [] fractSystem "" [see table] SFFloat [] range 10 [0,∞) MFString [] rootUrl [] [urn] MFNode [] rootNode [] [X3DChildNode] SFVec3f [] bboxCenter 000 (-∞,∞) SFVec3f [] bboxSize -1 -1 -1 (0,∞) or [-1 -1 -1] } 14/20

  21. Fractal Nodes • FractMountain • FractRiver • FractIsland • FractCloud • FractPlant • FractLightning • FractCrystal • FractMusic • 8 new nodes added to X3D: 15/20

  22. Modeling the lightning discharge Intra-cloud lightning (horizontal discharge) Cloud-to-ground lightning (vertical discharge) Power density Example: FractLightning FractLightning : X3DParametricGeometryNode { SFVec3f [in,out] direction 00 -1 (-∞,∞) MFVec3f [in,out] controlPoint [] (-∞,∞) SFInt32 [in,out] tessellation 0 (-∞,∞) MFDouble [in,out] weight [] (0,∞) SFNode [in,out] color NULL SFNode [in,out] texCoord NULL MFDouble [] knot [] (-∞,∞) SFInt32 [] order 3 [2,∞) SFBool [] solid TRUE SFNode [] fractOrigin NULL [FractOrigin] MFVec3d [] fractCoords 000 (-∞,∞) MFString [] fractSystem "" [see table] } 16/20

  23. Full VRML97 backwards compatibility Core X3DKernel Small download, cool content, advanced rendering FractVRML Extensibility – Key Enabler • Provides delivery platform for Working Group efforts • WGs can deliver FractVRML Components • Companies can deploy their technologies based on it • No limit to the applications that can be addressed with it VRML97Profile Extension Framework 17/20

  24. Conclusion &Future Work

  25. Conclusion • Using Complex Coordinate • Using 3D Representation of Fractals • Using XML Tagset • FractVRML Scenes • More Real Aspect • More Resolution • Little Size • Formulation of World www.FractVRML.org 18/20

  26. Future Work • Implementation and standardization of proposed profile • Using Fractal Compression in X3D Scenes • Application of FractVRML to GeoVRML • Design of a collaborative and distributed environment in support of real-time activities • Modeling of Internet3D with FractVRML 19/20

  27. Board of Directors 20/20

  28. Questions ?

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