html5-img
1 / 29

Organizational Information Systems

Organizational Information Systems. Fire your Customer. What do Managers Do?. They make decisions Better decisions = better managers The amount of information people must understand to make decisions, solve problems, and find opportunities is growing exponentially.

sharla
Télécharger la présentation

Organizational Information Systems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Organizational Information Systems

  2. Fire your Customer What do Managers Do? • They make decisions • Better decisions = better managers • The amount of information people must understand to make decisions, solve problems, and find opportunities is growing exponentially

  3. Programmed Versus Nonprogrammed Decisions • Programmed decisions • Decisions made using a rule, procedure, or quantitative method • Easy to computerize using traditional information systems • Non-programmed decisions • Decision that deals with unusual or exceptional situations • Not easily quantifiable

  4. Types of decisions • Structured • How many workers to staff line A • What is the EOQ for raw material Z • How many turbines to power Lethbridge? • Unstructured • What are the benefits of merging with XYZ • How will consumer react if we lower the price by 10% • What are the benefits of MacDonald's opening up Hotels

  5. Levels of the Organization

  6. Who, What, Why: Organizational Level

  7. Who, What, Why: Managerial Level

  8. Who, What, Why: Executive Level

  9. Basic Systems Model

  10. System Type: Transaction Processing Systems

  11. System Description: Transaction Processing Systems TPSs are designed to process business events and transactions • Architecture Components • Source Documents • Data Entry Methods • Manual – • Semiautomated–(e.g. a barcode scanner) • Fully Automated – (e.g. automatic orders from inventory systems) • Processing • Online • Batch –

  12. System Example: Payroll System (TPS) Global logistics

  13. System Type: Management Information System

  14. System Description: Management Information Systems • MISs are used by managerial employees to support recurring decision making in managing a function or the entire business • Supported Activities • Scheduled Reporting - produced automatically based on a predetermined schedule. Some include: • Key Indicator – e.g. Monthly Sales Report • Exception – e.g. Monthly Late Shipments • Drill Down – printed only if needed • Ad Hoc Reporting – unscheduled reports (e.g. sales data by person report to identify issues)

  15. System Architecture: Management Information System

  16. System Type: Executive Information System (EIS)

  17. System Description: Executive Information Systems • EISs, also called Executive Support Systems (ESS), information systems to support executive decision-making • System Details • use graphical user interfaces to display consolidated information : • Soft Data- • Hard Data – • Supported Activities • Executive Decision Making • Long-range Strategic Planning • Monitoring of Internal and External Events • Crisis Management • Staffing and Labour Relations

  18. System Architecture: Executive Information Systems

  19. Systems That Span Organizational Boundaries

  20. Decision Support Systems Decision Support Systems systems designed to support managerial-level employees in organizational decision making System Details use computational software to construct models for analysis (most common is MS Excel) to solve semi-structured problems (e.g. sales or resource forecasts) Supported Activities: “What-if”analysis – changing one or more variables in the model to observe the effect (e.g. What is the payment if the interest rate increases by 1% ?)

  21. Common Decision Support Systems

  22. Expert Systems • Expert Systems • used by operational level employees to make decisions usually made by more experienced employees or an expert in the field • System Details • use inference engines that match facts and rules, sequence questions for the user, draw a conclusion, and present a recommendation to the user • Supported Activities: • These systems support many activities, including: • Medical Diagnosis • Machine Configuration • Financial Planning • Software Application Assistance (help wizards)

  23. Office Automation Systems • Office Automation Systems • increase productivity within the office setting • Supported Activities • Scheduling Resources • Examples: electronic calendars • Document Preparation • Examples: software (word processing and desktop publishing); hardware (printers) • Communicating • Examples: e-mail, voice mail, videoconferencing and groupware

  24. Collaborative Techs (Groupware) • Groupware • enables people to work together more effectively • Supported Activities • These systems come in two types: • Asynchronous Groupware – Systems that do not require users to be on the system working at the same time, including: e-mail, newsgroups, workflow automation, group calendars, and collaborative writing tools • Synchronous Groupware – Systems that allow and support simultaneous group interactions including shared whiteboards, electronic meeting support systems, video communication systems

  25. Systems That Span Organizational Boundaries firestation

  26. System Description: Functional Area Info Systems • Functional Area Information Systems • Cross-organizational information systems are designed to support a specific functional area • Supported Activities • The following functional organizations have systems to support their operational and managerial activities • Accounting • Finance • Human Resources • Marketing • Operations daytraders Workforce absenteeism Peppers & Rogers

  27. Global Information Systems • Global Information Systems • A variety of special-class systems used to support organizations that operate globally • Supported Activities • Depending on the organization, one or more of these systems may be required (definitions on next slide): • International Accounting Systems • Transnational Information Systems • Multinational Information Systems • Global Information Systems • Collaborative Information Systems

  28. System Examples: Global Information Systems

More Related