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Homework due today Part I

Homework due today Part I. From the text book, read chapter 10, section 2, pages 269 – 271 stopping at Control Extends over Three Continents define the following terms from the reading in your notebook: Caliphs Sufi Jihad (not in bold) Abbasids “people of the book” (not in bold)

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Homework due today Part I

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  1. Homework due today Part I • From the text book, read chapter 10, section 2, pages 269 – 271 stopping at Control Extends over Three Continents define the following terms from the reading in your notebook: • Caliphs Sufi • Jihad (not in bold) Abbasids • “people of the book” (not in bold) • Umayyads • Sunni • Shi’a

  2. Homework due Thursday Part II • Correct any mistakes on your quiz. It will be checked next class. • Go through your notes and make sure you have all of these assignments in your notebook. • Tonight & Wednesday are catch up days

  3. New Material • Following Muhammad’s death, followers realized they needed a new leader to replace Muhammad, but he did not declare who should take over. • His followers choose Abu-Bakr to be Caliph or successor. He was one of Muhammad’s first converts. • After Abu-Bak there were three others (Umar, Uthman, Ali). They were collectively known as the “rightly-guided.” Their rule was called “Caliphate”

  4. New Material • After Muhammad’s death Abu-Bak took over. Part of the reasoning was that many of the tribes / clans on the Arab Peninsula abandoned Islam. Others refused to pay taxes and some former followers began to state their were the next prophet after Muhammad. • Abu-Bak declared a “jihad” meaning struggle. It has multiple meanings, basically allows Muslims to take up arms against those that threaten Islam. Abu-Bak used it to expand Islam’s influence. • By Abu-Bak’s death, Islam covered / controlled all of the Arab Peninsula. Under the next Caliphate (Umar), Muslim armies conquered Syria & Lower Egypt. These were controlled by the Byzantine Empire.

  5. New Material • Under the next two Caliphates, Islam controlled 6000 miles from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. • Their success was due to a few factors: • 1. They were well organized, well trained and well lead. • 2. The Empires they battled were in slow decline and so very weak and unable to defend themselves. • 3. The Byzantine & Sassanid Empires were harsh rulers. People saw Islam as much less oppressive. • 4. Those that converted to Islam, did not pay taxes so many people converted. Those that did not convert were fre to practice, but had to pay a tax.

  6. Internal Conflicts • Internal Conflicts • In 656, Uthman was murdered sparking a civil war. Remember, in Islam there is not suppose to be a leader, but Islam was under attack and this caused internal conflict too. • Ali

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