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Chapter 10: MEDIVAL Kingdoms in Europe

Chapter 10: MEDIVAL Kingdoms in Europe. Feudalism. Development of Feudalism. What is feudalism? Political and social system Nobles offering protection to servants Servants would receive land Noble receives different services and favors needed by noble What caused this development?

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Chapter 10: MEDIVAL Kingdoms in Europe

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  1. Chapter 10: MEDIVAL Kingdoms in Europe Feudalism

  2. Development of Feudalism • What is feudalism? • Political and social system • Nobles offering protection to servants • Servants would receive land • Noble receives different services and favors needed by noble • What caused this development? • Government struggled to protect servants • Were more focused on protecting empire from the Vikings and other invaders

  3. Knights and vassals • What is a vassal? • Servant of a noble • Gives military service to him • Came out of feudalism • Was able to gain own land by fighting for a noble • Knights • Cavalry • Was main feature of European warfare • Great social prestige • Became aristocracy from it

  4. Feudal Contract • The greatest virtue within society was loyalty to your lord • Required an act of homage to the lord • Fief • Land grant made to a vassal • Once a fief was held, one gained political power • As empires fell, many small governments were established • What is a feudal contract? • Set of unwritten rules between a lord and servants(Vassals) • It lacked a sense of master/servant relationship though • Vassals main job was military service for one month a year • Lords were expected to back a vassal in all things

  5. Nobility of the Middle Ages • Who was considered nobility? • Kings, dukes, barons, bishops. • All political, social, and economic power was held here • What is chivalry? • Came about in 11th and 12th centuries • What was considered to be civilized behavior for nobility • Code of ethics • Treat both enemies and friends with respect and honor

  6. Chapter 10: Medieval Kingdoms in Europe Peasants, Trade, and Cities

  7. The New Agriculture • Population of Europe doubles by 1300 • Requires need for more resources • New tools helped revolutionize agriculture • Carruca • Horse drawn iron plow • Could break through different types of soil • Creation of farming villages where people worked together • Use of crop rotations (allowed for soil to remain fertile)

  8. The Manorial System • What is a manor? • An agricultural estate • Run by the lords. Worked by serfs (Peasants legally bound to the land) • Had to pay rent or labor service (60% of Western Europe) • Worked generally 3 days a week • Paid for labor and also for use of the land beyond farming • Rights of the Lords • Serfs could not leave estate without permission • Had political authority • Could try serfs in court for crimes

  9. Revival of Trade • 11th and 12th centuries brought around an increase of trade in Europe • Hanseatic league: Trade association in the Baltic and North Sea • Made up of over 100 cities • Desire for fair and safe trade opportunities • Trade Fairs • Cities would invite people annually to bring all goods to encourage the expansion of trade • Created the need for a money system

  10. Chapter 10: Medieval kingdoms in europe Growth of European Kingdoms

  11. England in the Middle Ages • The Norman Conquest (1066AD) • Battle of Hastings • William of Normandy vs. King Harold of England • William defeats Harold. Named King of England • All knights under him received parcels of land • All nobles were required to take an oath of Loyalty • Ruling Class originally spoke French • Marriage with Anglo-Saxons(Native People) led to creation of English

  12. England in the Middle Ages • Henry II (1154-1189AD) • Increased the power of the English monarchy • Creation of Common Law • Law code that covered all of England instead of areas having their own • Took more criminal cases out of local courts and putting them in the royal court • Led to an increase in royal power • Magna Carta (1215AD) • Resentment by English nobles led to the “Great Charter” of rights • Written relationship between the king and his vassals • Edward I • Parliament: 2 knights per county. 2 people per town. All nobles and bishops • Parliament passed laws, granted taxes, and discussed politics

  13. France in the Middle Ages • Hugh Capet (Capetian Dynasty) • 987AD: First of the French Kings • Came from the Carolingian Empire • Limited Power held only around city of Paris • Philip II Augutus (1180-1223AD) • Fought with England • Took control of Normandy and other mainland European territories • Louis IX • Listened to the complaints of the people to improve France • Philip IV (“The Fair” 1285-1314AD) • Established French Parliament • 3 Estates: The Clergy (1st), Nobles (2nd), Peasants (3rd)

  14. Holy Roman Empire • Otto I • German patron of culture • Brought Church under his control and protected the pope • Attempted to rule both Germans and Italians • Frederick I • Tried to take over Italy • Pope opposed him and united all Italian states • They wanted to remain free • Frederick II • Wanted to establish strong centralized state in Italy • Pope opposed him and defeated him • German nobles took control of German lands during this breaking apart the Holy Roman Empire

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