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Exploring Cell Components and Brain Functions

This class delves into the intricate details of cell components like protein synthesis, neurons, synapses, and glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Learn about oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, astrocytes, and microglia functions in maintaining neural health. Discover the blood-brain barrier and crucial nourishment processes for neurons.

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Exploring Cell Components and Brain Functions

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  1. Components of a cell Class #2: Cells, p. 1

  2. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Class #2: Cells, p. 2

  3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (cont’d) Class #2: Cells, p. 3

  4. NEURONS Class #2: Cells, p. 4

  5. SYNAPSES Class #2: Cells, p. 5

  6. SYNAPSES (cont’d) Class #2: Cells, p. 6

  7. GLIAL CELLS OLIGODENDROCYTES & SCHWANN CELLS (CNS) (PNS) Processes of both types wrap around axon(s), forming an insulating sheath called myelin. Oligodendrocyte: its processes form multiple internodes on different axons and its cell body is located between the different axons. Schwann cell: its process forms only one internode, and its cell body is located on the axon. Class #2: Cells, p. 7

  8. GLIAL CELLS (cont’d) ASTROCYTES (CNS) The processes of these starlike cells insert themselves into the spaces between neurons. • Astrocytes have many functions: • Nerve glue • Inactivate neurotransmitters • Nutrition • Clean up • Potassium (K+) buffer Class #2: Cells, p. 8

  9. GLIAL CELLS (cont’d) MICROGLIA (CNS) These cells are an important cells that are activated in response to injury, infection, or disease. Only very recently, have we begun to learn a great deal about the functions and actions of these cells. It used to be thought that they were “invaders” from outside the nervous system, but we now know they reside within it. Class #2: Cells, p. 9

  10. Don’t forget! • (from book, module 2.1, pp. 36-39) • Blood-brain barrier • Nourishment of neurons Class #2: Cells, p. 10

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