Participatory Epidemiology & Gender Workshop: Disease Categories & Priorities in Livestock

1. International Livestock Research Institution (ILRI) Addis Ababa June 20 – 22, 2016 Participatory Epidemiology and Gender: Result dissemination Workshop

2. FGD Result Highlights on Priority SR Diseases

3. Methodology on the data analysis Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 • Descriptive statistics • Non-parametric test - Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) to see the level of agreement among the scores of informant groups SR diseases mentioned were grouped in to seven main categories based on the farmers’ description of clinical signs • Respiratory - Neurological - Skin • GIT - External parasite - Systemic • Other disease Disease Category.docx

4. The median score given by FGD in each region for each DC Based on proportional piling (out of 100 counters) The median score for the RD category was highest in all regions with 24.5 in Amhara, 28 in SNNP and 30 in Tigray region except 23 in Oromia

5. Top priority disease categories in Amhara region There were important differences when disaggregating data based on the agro-ecology of the woredas

6. Local name of diseases mentioned in Amhara

7. Priority disease categories in Oromia region In lowland woredas: neurological disease followed by respiratory and systemic diseases (strong agreement among the groups)

8. Local name of diseases mentioned in Oromia

9. Top priority disease categories in Tigray region • In lowland areas: the priorities were respiratory, systemic and skin DC with strong agreement among the groups

10. Local name of diseases mentioned in Tigray

11. Top priority disease categories in SNNP region

12. Local name of diseases mentioned in SNNP region

13. Median score given by gender group for each disease categories Women and young female scored respiratory diseases slightly higher than young male and men with 29 and 27, compared to 24 and 23 Young men scored neurological diseases higher than the other respondent groups with a median score of 12 compared to scores of 11, 6 and 0 given by women, men and young female groups respectively

14. Summary of disease mentioned Pasteurellosis and coenurosis, in different local names, were mentioned as priority disease in the respiratory and neurological DC respectively, in all regions Sheep and goat pox is stated to be the major disease in the skin DC in Amhara and Tigray where as orf was the most common disease in Oromia and SNNP Liver fluke is the major disease mentioned in the GIT category in all regions In the external parasite category, mange mite was the most important in all regions except in SNNP where tick, lice and sheep ked were mentioned Anthrax and PPR were mentioned as major diseases in Amhara and Tigray lowland woredas Foot rot and eye disease are stated to be the major ones in Oromia and SNNP in others disease category

15. Seasonal incidence of disease Seasonality of diseases based on average score and agreement among FGD in Amhara region

16. HH Survey Result

17. What clinical and PM signs do you expect to be mentioned highly?

18. Frequency of clinical signs mentioned

19. Frequency of PM signs mentioned

20. Do you think these will vary between gender and across regions?

21. Frequency percentage of Clinical signs mentioned by gender

22. Frequency percentage of PM signs mentioned by gender

23. Frequency percentage of Clinical signs mentioned in each region Coughing, diarrhea, nasal discharge and labored breathing was mentioned highly in all regions Circling was highest in Oromia

24. Frequency percentage of PM signs mentioned in each region

25. The median score given for each DC per regions Respiratory disease category was given the highest median score in all regions, except in Amhara where Systemic disease was most important (unlike during FGD)

26. Proportion of disease categories mentioned per region Similar to FGD, pasteurellosis and coenurosis, were priority diseases in the respiratory and neurological DC CCPP only in Oromia Sheep and goat pox was stated to be the major disease in the skin DC in Amhara Diarrhea and Liver fluke were the major problem in GIT category in all regions (esp. SNNP) Anthrax and PPR were mentioned as major diseases in Amhara and Tigray lowland woredas In the DC ‘others’, eye disease was stated to be a major disease in SNNP and Oromia

27. Do men mention and score priority disease categories in their area differently from women?

28. The median score given by gender per DC There was no difference in the median score for each diseases category

29. Laboratory Results

30. Peste des petits ruminants PPRContagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia CCPP We looked for PPR (Ic-ELISA/ Antigen detection and cELISA/ Ab detection), CCPP (cELISA/Ab detection), Pasteurellosis (Culture/Isolation) • Ag detection for PPRV – negative result from 29 samples • Few positive result for pasteurellosis culture – 3/55 (M. hemolytica and B. trehalosi)

31. Sero-prevalence levels of PPR in vaccinated and non-vaccinated small ruminants in each region The Ab sero-prevalence level in Tigray vaccinated animals indicate low herd immunity level (AtsbiWonbertaand Endemehoni) The overall sero-prevalence in unvaccinated population may be high due to some animals actually having been vaccinated in the past, but reported as non-vaccinated in this survey

32. Sero-prevalence levels of PPR among various vaccination statuses in small ruminants per district • Both in FGD and HH-survey, PPR was reported from Amhara and Tigray lowland districts (Abergelle, Ziquala, TanquaAbegelle) • The anti-body sero-prevalence level in Abergelle, TanquaAbergelle, zequala and Yabello indicate a good herd immunity level as a result of recent vaccination • The low level of PPRV sero-positivity in vaccinated animals found in AtsbiWonberta and Endemehoni isn’t sufficient to protect from outbreaks (minimum of 85% recommended)

33. Sero-prevalence levels of CCPP in vaccinated and non-vaccinated small ruminants in each region Generally low sero-prevalence level of CCPP observed in unvaccinated population in all regions The Ab sero-prevalence level in vaccinated population also show low herd immunity level than previous studies

34. Sero-prevalence levels of CCPP among various vaccination statuses in small ruminants per district Relatively higher sero-prevalence level of CCPP was found in Abergelle and BasoWorena, where the disease was not mentioned during FGD and HH survey CCPP was mentioned during FGD and HH survey in Yabello district

35. THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!

36. Acknowledgements • This work is financed by • IFAD SmaRT, African RISING Project • It is implemented in a partnership with • ICARDA, Regional Research Centers (DBARC, SDARC, YPDARC, BongaARC, AbergelleARC, BakoARC, ArekaARC), MadaWalabu University and Agricultural Offices in the project sites • It contributes to the CGIAR Research Program on • Livestock and Fish

38. CRP and CG logos