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Notes on Fungi

Notes on Fungi. 1. Characteristics of all fungi. Eukaryotic Cell walls made of chitin Heterotrophs. 2. Classification into 4 major groups. By their structure and patterns of reproduction. 3. How obtains energy.

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Notes on Fungi

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  1. Notes on Fungi

  2. 1. Characteristics of all fungi • Eukaryotic • Cell walls made of chitin • Heterotrophs

  3. 2. Classification into 4 major groups • By their structure and patterns of reproduction

  4. 3. How obtains energy • General: Digest food before ingesting it. Produce enzymes to break down food and then absorb the nutrients through their cell walls.

  5. 3. How obtains energy

  6. 4. Reproduce asexually Budding yeast Mushroom gill with spores

  7. 5. Reproduce sexually • Hyphae from the mycelium cross over and join to combine chromosomes into a diploid reproductive structure (see p. 583) • Diploid (2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent) reproductive structures produce haploid (half set of chromosomes, but mixed and separated during meiosis) spores by meiosis. • The spores then go off and grow into a new mycelium, which produces new fruiting bodies, sending out new spores.

  8. 6. Describe lichen • Symbiotic relationship between fungus and either algae or cyanobacteria (photosynthetic bacteria) • Both species benefit • Fungus gets nutrition from photoautotroph and photoautotroph gets a place to live.

  9. More on lichen • Lichen come in many shapes and colors. • Many can live on rocks, and the chemicals their hyphae produce heelp break down the rock surface to begin the proces of soil making for new species to move in. • Because of this, lichen are pioneer species – the first to arrive to an uninhabited spot and begin habitation • Lichen are also bioindicators – they die off when the air gets polluted

  10. Examples of Medical uses of fungi • Penicillin is an antibiotic • Reduce blood pressure, control excessive bleeding, treat migraines, & promote contractions during childbirth • Cyclosporine = immune system suppressant for organ transplant patients

  11. Foods from fungi • Mushrooms • Yeast in bread and for making beer and alcohol • Cheese additive for blue cheese (the blue stripes are mold), brie and camembert • Truffles • Citrus flavor in colas • Soy sauce fermentation

  12. bioremediation • Fungi Break down organic pollutants into harmless substances

  13. Harmful fungi • American Elm and American Chestnut populations have been decimated by fungal diseases • Agricultural damage • Alfalfa leaf blotch • Grapes “noble rot” • Many, many more – farmers use antifungal sprays to control

  14. Harmful fungi – cont’d • In humans • Athletes foot • Yeast infections • Oral thrush • Ring worm

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