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COLLISION AVOIDANCE

COLLISION AVOIDANCE. A Different Perspective. What Different Perspective?. No Boring Statistics ! No Boring Discussion on the Limitations of the Human Eye ! No “How to Scan for Traffic” Sermon . The Goals. Define the Problem Offer Solutions. BUT FIRST . . .

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COLLISION AVOIDANCE

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  1. COLLISION AVOIDANCE A Different Perspective

  2. What Different Perspective? • No Boring Statistics ! • No Boring Discussion on the Limitations of the Human Eye ! • No “How to Scan for Traffic” Sermon

  3. The Goals • Define the Problem • Offer Solutions

  4. BUT FIRST . . . . . . a little review !

  5. The Holy Grail FAR 91 . 113 . . . Vigilance shall be maintained by each person operating an aircraft so as to see and avoid other aircraft.

  6. THE CHALLENGE • As the National Airspace System becomes increasingly complex, the threat of mid-air collisions involving general aviation recreational aircraft will increase ! • Mid-air collisions usually involve fatalities - there are no fender-benders in the air !

  7. Interesting Statistics ! 1991 - 1996 79 Mid-air collisions involving general aviation aircraft !

  8. DOES NOT INCLUDE - • FAR Part 121 / 135 Aircraft • Military Aircraft • Public Use Aircraft

  9. SAFER SKIESA Focused Agenda • Pilot Judgment & Decision-making • Loss of Aircraft Control • Weather Factors • Survivability • Collision Avoidance

  10. INTERESTINGHUMAN LIMITATIONS • Empty-Field Myopia • Blind Spots • Fixation / Distractions

  11. Facts...

  12. What does all of this mean ? • Because of physical limitations and the increasingly complex nature of our airspace system, the potential for a mid-air collision is very real and will remain a serious threat to general aviation safety !

  13. The Strategy -The Three W’s WHEN ? WHERE ? WHAT ?

  14. THE STRATEGY ! • WHEN are mid-air collisions most likely to occur ? • WHERE is the potential for a mid- air collision the greatest ? • WHAT can the pilot do to prevent or minimize this threat ?

  15. WHEN ? • VFR WEATHER • BELOW 3,000 FEET AGL • WITHIN 10 MILES OF DEPARTURE AIRPORT • WEEKENDS

  16. WHERE ? • WITHIN 10 MILES OF NON-TOWER AIRPORTS • TRANSITION TO/FROM THE TRAFFIC PATTERN • PRIMARILY IN THE TRAFFIC PATTERN !

  17. Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the Traffic Pattern, but . . . • FAR 91 . 113 • FAR 91 . 126 • FAR 91 . 127 • AIM

  18. FAR 91 . 126 When approaching to land at an airport without an operating control tower . . . each pilot of an airplane must make all turns of that airplane to the left [ unless otherwise designated ].

  19. FAR 91 . 127 When operating in the vicinity of an airport in Class E airspace, comply with FAR 91.126

  20. Furthermore . . . Aeronautical Information Manual Chapter 4 Section 3 Airport Operations FAA Advisory Circular 91-66A Recommended Standard Traffic Patterns and Practices For Operations At Airports Without Operating Control Towers

  21. CONFUSING ? You Bet !

  22. SURVIVAL STRATEGIESThe “WHAT” Know where the traffic is ! Airports Victor Airways MTRs

  23. SURVIVAL STRATEGIESThe Sequel ! Know where the potential for conflict is the greatest ! Traffic Pattern (Specifically Final Approach)

  24. The TRAFFICPattern ! • Downwind Leg - 2% • Base Leg - 18% • Final Approach - 80%

  25. (F)USTALL • Look out - and LOOK OUT! • Where & When to ESPECIALLY look? • Constantly checking for traffic should be a habit - a way of life. Without it you may not have a life…!

  26. Entry Downwind Base Final Critical ‘Check For Traffic’ Points

  27. SURVIVAL STRATEGIESPart Three RADIOS - use them or lose them ! Report positions frequently, and accurately, when operating in the vicinity of a non-tower airport.

  28. SURVIVAL STRATEGIESThe Conclusion “See and Avoid” is more than a regulation, It is an Attitude !

  29. It’s all up to you! • Be aware - responsibility for mid-air collision avoidance is in YOUR hands! • ‘ SEE AND BE SEEN’! • Check your attitude - no-one is invulnerable. Thanks for listening - any questions…? Lou Frank

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