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In French, partitive articles (du, de la, de l', des) indicate an unspecified quantity of something. They are used differently depending on the noun's number, gender, and initial letter. Partitive articles contract with the definite articles "le" and "les" (e.g., de + le = du; de + les = des), but not with "la" or "l'" (e.g., de + la = de la). To choose the correct form, first identify if the noun is singular or plural, then if it starts with a vowel or consonant, and finally determine its gender. Note the exception with "beaucoup," which is always followed by "de."
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Partitive Articles
When followed by the definite articles le and les, de contracts with them into a single word: de + le=du du salon de + les=des des villes But de does not contract with la or l' de + la=de la de la femme de + l'=de l’ de l'homme
The partitive articles in French correspond to "some" or "any"in English. There are four forms of the French partitive article 1. du~ masculine singular 2. de la~ feminine singular 3. de l' ~m or f in front of a vowel 4. des~ m or f plural
The form of the partitive article to use depends on three things: the noun's number, gender, and first letter: If the noun is plural, use des If it's singular starting with a vowel or h muet, use de l' If it's a singular noun and starts with a consonant use du for a masculine noun and de lafor a feminine noun
Step 1: Deciding whether the noun is singular or plural If plural put “des” If singular move onto Step 2
Step 2: If singular, determine whether the noun begins with a vowel or consonant If the noun begins with a vowel put “de l’ ” If the noun begins with a consonant move onto Step 3
Step 3: Determine whether the noun is masculine or feminine If masculine put “du” If feminine put “de la”
Du fromage Fromage
De la confiture confiture
des oeufs oeufs
De l’eau eau
des J'ai trouvé ______ romans que nous aimions lire ensemble.
De la Vas-tu manger ______ salade ?
du Il a perdu les clés ______ directeur.
EXCEPTION(beaucoup) Like other adverbs of quantity, beaucoup is nearly always followed by de, with no article. Wrong: Beaucoup desRight: Beaucoup de
De J'ai beaucoup ______ temps.
d’ Tu as beaucoup _____ amis.
