1. Romantic 1827-1900

2. Historical Events • 1828 – First passenger and freight railroad • 1835 – Mark Twain is born • 1836 – Texas wins its’ independence from Mexico

3. Historical Events • 1837 – Music Education begins in Boston • 1838 -1st photography • 1844 – Samuel Morse sends the 1st telegraph

4. Historical Events • 1844 – YMCA founded • 1848 – God discovered in California • 1853 –The Steinway piano factory is started in New York

5. Historical Events • 1861 – Civil War begins • 1864 – Slavery ends • 1865 – Lincoln is assassinated • 1874 – First American Zoo in Philadelphia • 1860 – Abraham Lincoln becomes president

6. Historical Events • 1876 – National Baseball League founded • 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone • 1878 – Thomas Edison invents the phonograph, light bulb, and movie projector

7. Historical Events • 1885 – Twain publishes The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn • 1892 – World Premiere of The Nutcracker ballet with music by Tchaikovsky • 1893 – Henry Ford makes his first automobile

8. Historical Events • 1895 – Babe Ruth is born • 1898 – Patent of the motion picture camera by Thomas Edison, development of sound recording • 1900 – Radio waves transmit human voice/speech

9. General Facts • Difficult political times in Europe (b/c of democracy • Pianos become common in homes • Slavery ends in America

10. General Facts • Nationalistic music becomes popular • Impressionistic art becomes popular (less detail, more mood)

11. Music Facts • Greater variety of instruments, especially woodwinds • Melodies are longer • Music becomes more dramatic and emotional • Tempos and dynamics are more extreme

12. Music Facts • Program music becomes popular – music portrays events or tells a story • Opera becomes very popular • Musicals begin to be written (lighter version of opera) • France and Russia become strong music centers

13. Instruments • Brass instruments have valves and become more popular • Piano becomes the dominant instrument • Orchestra gets larger • New woodwinds invented (oboe and saxophone) • Virtuosos become popular – exceptional soloists

14. Composers • Chopin – piano • Shubert – art songs • Robert and Claire Schumann – piano

15. Composers • Wagner – opera • Tchaikovsky – ballets and symphonies (The Nutcracker) • Brahms – piano

16. Composers • Verdi – opera • Faure – art songs • Sousa – marches

17. Ludwig van Beethoven • German • Began going deaf in his early 30’s • Composed for piano and orchestras • Fur Elise, Moonlight Sonata, 9th Symphony, and 5th Symphony, Ode to Joy

18. Styles of Music • Ballet • Opera • Symphony

19. Styles of Music • Concertos • Symphonic Poem (Program Music) – Sorcerer’s Apprentice • Art song – vocal solo, emphasis on text

20. Vocabulary • Romantic period • Opera • Mass • Requiem