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SOUTH EAST ASIA

SOUTH EAST ASIA. Mainland and Insular Regions. GENERALIZATIONS. Consists of mainland and insular regions Has been shatter belt between powerful adversaries Fractured cultural and political geography High relief, volcanic activity , earthquakes, tropical climates

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SOUTH EAST ASIA

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  1. SOUTH EAST ASIA Mainland and Insular Regions

  2. GENERALIZATIONS • Consists of mainland and insular regions • Has been shatter belt between powerful adversaries • Fractured cultural and political geography • High relief, volcanic activity , earthquakes, tropical climates • Legacies of foreign influences still felt • Insular SE Asia population growing faster than mainland • Mekong river starts in China and flows through 5 countries sustaining farmers, fishing and boat owners • Indonesia, most populous country but has not reached potential

  3. POPULATION GEOGRAPHY • Of SE Asia’s 546 million people, over half (303 million or 55%) live on islands of Indonesia and Philippines; leaves mainland with only 45% of total population • Limited immigration because of physical geography • Ethnically similar but cultural differences have emerged through time • Hindu, Islam, Buddhism and Christianity all present • Real division between rural/urban society • Minorities in each country from surrounding countries

  4. EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL MAP • Dutch, French, British and Spanish (then America after Spanish-American War) major European colonizers • Created zones to control but problem came after independence • France becomes Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos • Britain develops into Burma (now Myanmar) and Malaysia • America develops Philippines • Dutch developed Indonesia • Outcome very similar to what happened in Africa

  5. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY • Boundaries: contracts between states • 4 types of boundaries and all found in SE Asia • Antecedent: defined and delineated before present-day human landscape; Malaysia and Indonesia • Subsequent: result of long process of adjustment and modification; China and Vietnam • Superimposed: drawn forcibly across unified cultural landscape; Indonesia and Papua New Guinea • Relict: border that has ceased to function but imprint still evident in culture; North and South Vietnam

  6. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY, cont. • Territorial Morphology: individual countries shape that affects is condition and survival • 5 types and 4 found in SE Asia • Compact: somewhere between round and rectangular, without major indentations; Cambodia • Protruded: substantial, usually compact territory from which extends a peninsular corridor that may be landlocked of coastal; Thailand, Myanmar • Elongated: length is at least six times the average width, lies astride environmental or cultural transitions, Vietnam • Fragmented: two or more territorial unites separated by foreign territory or by water, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines • Perforated: completely surround territory of other states; South Africa and Lesotho

  7. MAINLAND SE ASIA • Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma) • Vietnam • Vietnam War; 1954-1974; based on Domino Theory • Most today don’t remember War, 60% or population under 21 years of age • Currently united under Communist North • Recently seen foreign investment, privatization of industry especially in Saigon (South Vietnam) and some saw North and South growing apart again • Cambodia • French colony, primarily Hindu • 1975 overthrown by Khmer Rouge who destroyed economy and country • Vietnam invaded in 1970’s after Khmer Rouge creating major refugees into Thailand • 1998 Pol Pot committed suicide and many hoping Cambodia will turn around, but it is dependent on political stability which seems hard to find

  8. MAINLAND SE ASIA, cont. • Laos • Interior and isolated, Surrounded by 5 nations who all stronger • 5.5 million people, no railroads, few paved roads, only 17% urban • Thailand • 63.1 million people, constitutional monarchy and attempts to move more towards democracy thwarted • During 1990’s Thailand grew rapidly, but in 1997 currency fell and became first casualty in economic probs of late 1990s • Buddhism primary religion and tourism leading source of revenue • AIDS infects 1 million of 60 million population • Myanmar • When British left, ruled by military dictatorship destroyed political and economic stability • Today one of poorest nations in world, leading exporter in Opium Trade, high unemployment, limited industrial growth • Recent anti-government/pro-democracy protests have lead to violence, Buddhist monk protests and international condemnation

  9. INSULAR SE ASIA • Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, East Timor, Philippines • Malaysia • 24.2 million people, predominantly Muslim • Economic growth occurring but existence of many minorities creating cultural problems • Singapore • 1965 seceded from Malaysia and became ministate • 4.1 million people, 240 square miles • Modern, wealthy, one of worlds largest high tech producers • As long as world considers Singapore safe and not corrupt will continue to expand and grow

  10. INSULAR SE ASIA, cont. • Indonesia • Largest archipelago in world; 17,000 islands and 219 million people • Controls 5 major islands, some of whom want independence • Economic stability kept dictator in power, but affected by economic downturn that hit Pacific Rim, late 1990’s • East Timor • Formerly part of Indonesia but in 1999 voted for Independence and currently working for it • Philippines • Primarily Christian with some Islamic influence • Mix of Mongoloid, Malay, Arab, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and American created unique Pilipino culture • During 1990’s economic growth occurred despite volcano eruption, Islamic insurgents and territory dispute • If keeps economically stable, this lower-middle-income country will improve and become powerful in emerging Pacific Rim

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