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Solubility and Precipitates

Solubility and Precipitates. Solubility is the ability of a compound to be dissolved in a given liquid (normally water). If it does not dissolve, it is insoluble, and a precipitate forms. Write chemical equation, determining if a reaction proceeds using Activity Series.

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Solubility and Precipitates

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  1. Solubility and Precipitates • Solubility is the ability of a compound to be dissolved in a given liquid (normally water). If it does not dissolve, it is insoluble, and a precipitate forms. • Write chemical equation, determining if a reaction proceeds using Activity Series. • If so, determine from solubility rules if any compound(s) formed are insoluble in solution. • If compound(s) are insoluble, use symbol (s) to designate “solid precipitate” is formed

  2. H2O + CO2 H2CO3 H2CO3 + CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 H2CO3 + MgCO3 Mg(HCO3)2 Water softner Clogged Pipes – Hard Water Step 1: Acid rain is formed carbonic acid Step 2: Acid rain dissolves limestone ‘hard’ water

  3. Pipes develop Scales Step 3: Hard water is heated and deposits scales Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3(s) + H2O + CO2 Mg(HCO3)2 MgCO3(s) + H2O + CO2 D scales on pipes D

  4. NO31– NO31– NO31– NO31– Pb2+ Pb2+ Na1+ Na1+ I1– I1– Ions in Aqueous Solutions Dissociation: Molecular Equation Pb(NO3)2(s) + H2O(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) Pb2+(aq) + 2 NO31–(aq) add water Ions in solution NaI(s) + H2O(aq) NaI(aq) Molecular Equation Na1+(aq) + I1–(aq) add water Ions in solution Mix them and get… Balance to get overall ionic equation… Cancel spectator ions to get net ionic equation…

  5. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 NaI(aq) + 2 Na1+(aq) PbI2(s) + 2 NO31–(aq) NO31– NO31– NO31– NO31– Pb2+ Pb2+ Na1+ Na1+ Na1+ Na1+ I1– I1– I1– I1– + 2 Na1+(aq) + 2 I1–(aq) Pb2+(aq) + 2 NO31–(aq) + 2 Na1+(aq) PbI2(s) + 2 NO31–(aq) Pb2+(aq) + 2 I1–(aq) PbI2(s) Mix them together and get… solid in solution Balance to get overall ionic equation… Cancel spectator ions to get net ionic equation…

  6. Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) + Ba2+(aq) Zn(OH)2(s) + 2 NO31–(aq) OH1– NO31– Ba2+ Zn2+ NO31– OH1– + Ba2+(aq) + 2OH1–(aq) Zn2+(aq) + 2 NO31–(aq) + Ba2+(aq) Zn(OH)2(s) + 2 NO31–(aq) Zn2+(aq) + 2 OH1–(aq) Zn(OH)2(s) Mix together Zn(NO3)2(aq) and Ba(OH)2(aq): Mix them and get… Zn(NO3)2(aq) Ba(OH)2(aq) Zn2+(aq) + 2 NO31–(aq) Ba2+(aq) + 2 OH1–(aq) Balance to get overall ionic equation… Cancel spectator ions to get net ionic equation…

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