RN 18 Sarnath = 18.6 Sculpture Bakshali = 18.8 Mathematics Meharauli = 18.7 Metalwork

1. RN 18 • Sarnath = 18.6 Sculpture • Bakshali = 18.8 Mathematics • Meharauli = 18.7 Metalwork • Nalanda = 18.3 Universities • Ajanta = 18.5 Painting • Pataliputra = 18.9 Roads • Ujjain = 18.4 Literature

2. Sarnath: Sculpture • Statues • bronze, wood, stone, & terracotta • Buddha, Hindu deities, famous people • Stood on their own or on walls of caves & temples

3. Bakshali: Mathematics • Hindu-Arabic numerals 1-9 • Zero • Decimal system • Aryabhata – astronomer • Days in a year, size of Earth • Planets were spheres • Earth spins on its axis

4. Nalanda: Universities • Hindu or Buddhist • Only males & teachers’ daughters • religion, mathematics, astronomy • chemistry, Sanskrit, sculpture, • painting, music, dancing, logic • grammar, medicine

5. Meharauli: Metalwork • Engraved gold, copper coins • Iron pillar at Meharauli • 25 ft. tall • 13,000 lbs

6. Ajanta: Painting • Important part of the lives of nobles • Deities, religious stories, royal families, luxury • Most famous – Ajanta caves

7. Pataliputra: Roads • Hard-packed dirt • A few feet off the ground for drainage • Signs of distance • Helped internal trade • Connected India to China & to the Mediterranean

8. Ujjain: Literature • Poetry, fables, folktales, & plays • The Puranas (“Ancient Lore”)– Hindu legends • The Mahabharata (“Great Work”)– poem of Hindu values and battle b/t good and evil • Bhagavad Gita (“Song of the Lord”) – poem describing basic truths of Hinduism

9. Sarnath: Sculpture • Flat, farmland, heavy rain, hot, near Ganges • Statues • bronze, wood, stone, & terracotta • Buddha, Hindu deities, famous people • Stood on their own or on walls of caves & temples

10. Bakshali: Mathematics • Hot, dry, rocky, surrounded by mountains • Hindu-Arabic numerals 1-9 • Zero • Decimal system • Aryabhata – astronomer • Days in a year, size of Earth • Planets were spheres • Earth spins on its axis

11. Meharauli: Metalwork • Flat, dry, hot & humid in summer, cold in winter • Engraved gold, copper coins • Iron pillar at Meharauli • 25 ft. tall • 13,000 lbs

12. Nalanda: Universities • Fertile Ganges plain, hot, humid, heavy rain in wet season • Hindu or Buddhist • Only males & teachers’ daughters • religion, mathematics, astronomy • chemistry, Sanskrit, sculpture, • painting, music, dancing, logic • grammar, medicine

13. Ajanta: Painting • Dry, flat land surrounded by mtns, hot humid summer • Important part of the lives of nobles • Deities, religious stories, royal families, luxury • Most famous – Ajanta caves

14. Pataliputra: Roads • Flat plains, green crops, hot & humid • Hard-packed dirt • A few feet off the ground for drainage • Signs of distance • Helped internal trade • Connected India to China & to the Mediterranean

15. Ujjain: Literature • Hilly, rocky land, mtns to the south, humid & warm, dry until summer monsoons • Poetry, fables, folktales, & plays • The Puranas (“Ancient Lore”)– Hindu legends • The Mahabharata (“Great Work”)– poem of Hindu values and battle b/t good and evil • Bhagavad Gita (“Song of the Lord”) – poem describing basic truths of Hinduism