Chapter 2: Parts of Speech

1. Chapter 2: Parts of Speech Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives

2. Section 1: Types of Nouns 9/15/11 • A noun is a word or word group that is used to name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. • There are six (6) types of nouns we will talk about in this chapter.

3. Section 1: Types of Nouns 9/15/11 • A common noun names any one group of persons, places, things or ideas. • A common noun does not begin with a capital letter. • Ex. poem, country, athlete, ship, newspaper, river, street, day, city, organization. • A proper noun names a particular person, place, thing, or idea. • A proper noun begins with a capital letter. • Ex. “The Raven,” I am Joaquin (poems) • Ex. Spain, United States of America (countries) • Ex. Ohio River, Mississippi River (rivers)

4. Section 1: Types of Nouns 9/15/11 • A compound noun is made up 0f two or more words used together to represent one idea. • The parts of a compound noun may be written as one word, separate words, or as a hyphenated word. • Examples:

5. Section 1: Types of Nouns 9/15/11 • A concrete noun names a person, place, or thing that can be perceived by one or more of the senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell). • In simplistic terms, a concrete noun is something you can touch, see, hear, smell, or taste. • Examples: hummingbird, telephone, teacher, popcorn, ocean, Golden Gate Bridge, Manchester Middle School

6. Section 1: Types of Nouns 9/15/11 • An abstract noun names an idea, a feeling, a quality, or a characteristic. • In simplistic terms, an abstract noun is something you can NOT touch, see, hear, smell, or taste. • Examples: knowledge, patriotism, love, humor, confidence, competition, tranquility.

7. Section 1: Types of Nouns 9/15/11 • A collective noun is a word that names a group. • It is one word that stands for a group of people or things.

8. In Class Practice Correctly identify each underlined word as the type of noun it is. 1. Every day, huge crowds visit the Lincoln Memorial, which is in Washington, D.C. 2. The memorial is a beautiful setting not far from two other presidential monuments and the Capitol. 3. The Lincoln Memorial is separated from the Jefferson Memorial by the Tidal Basin. 4. The Lincoln Memorial was designed by a noted architect of the time, Henry Bacon. 5. The gigantic statue of Lincoln, designed by the sculptorDaniel Chester French, was carved from blocks of white marble.

9. Homework: • Complete the worksheets. • They should be fairly easy. • Take your time. • READ THE DIRECTIONS! • Worksheets due Monday, 9/19/11

10. Chapter 2: Parts of Speech Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives Day 2: Pronouns

11. Section 2: Pronouns Sept 20, 2011 • A pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It can also replace another pronoun. • Ex. When Kelly saw the signal, Kelly pointed the signal out to Enrique. • When Kelly saw the signal, she pointed it out to Enrique. • She replaces Kelly andit replaces signal.

12. Section 2: Pronouns Sept 20, 2011 • The word that the pronoun stands for is called the antecedent. • Ex. Elena read the book and returned it to the library. • Ex. The models bought themselves new dresses. • Ex. Catherine told her father she would be late. pronoun antecedent pronoun antecedent antecedent pronoun pronoun

13. Section 2: Pronouns Sept 20, 2011 • We are going to cover seven (7) types of pronouns. The first one is: • A personal pronoun refers to the one speaking (first person), the one spoken to (second person), and the one spoken about (third person)

14. Section 2: Pronouns Sept 20, 2011 • A demonstrative pronoun points out a person, place, thing, or idea. • Be careful! These words could be disguised as pronouns, but actually be adjectives! Ex. Used as a PN: These are the names of the volunteers. Ex. Used as an ADJ: These volunteers are very kind people (describing the volunteers)

15. Section 2: Pronouns Sept 20, 2011 • An interrogative pronoun introduces a question. • Think logically! What are words that introduce questions? Ex. Who brought me lunch for my birthday? Ex. What would you like me to make for dinner?

16. Homework! • This week, while we’re finishing up chapter 2, you will have quite a bit of homework. Pace yourself and work hard to get it done. • All of the worksheets will be due Friday (even the ones you get Thursday). You’ll receive them all today. • Next week’s homework will be less as we prepare for the test on Wednesday.

17. Homework! • FOLLOW DIRECTIONS! • For tonight, complete: • 1-16 Demonstrative Pronouns (top of page 65) • 1-25 on the back (page 70) • Hang on to this worksheet as the bottom (Indefinite Pronouns) will be homework tomorrow!

18. Section 2: Pronouns (Cont’d) Sept 21, 2011Section 3: Pronouns Sept 21, 2011 • Take out your notebooks and title them. • Please be sure to put the (Cont’d) so I don’t mark a section missing in your notebooks.

19. Section 3: Pronouns (Cont’d) Sept 21, 2011 • A relative pronoun introduces a subordinate clause. • A subordinate clause is a phrase that begins with a relative pronoun and provides description (acts as an adjective) for the antecedent. Ex. The test, which had many easy questions, took a short time to complete. Ex. Ray Charles is a performer who had many hit recordings.

20. Section 3: Pronouns (Cont’d) Sept 21, 2011 • A indefinite pronoun refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that may or may not be specifically named. • Ex: No one called for the pizza. • Ex: I didn’t have any homework.

21. Section 3: Pronouns (Cont’d) Sept 21, 2011 Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns These two types share the same pronouns, but it depends on how it’s used that makes it either type. A reflexive pronoun refers to the subject of the sentence and functions as a complement or an object of a preposition. An intensive pronoun emphasizes a noun or another pronoun.

22. Section 3: Pronouns (Cont’d) Sept 21, 2011 Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns- we need it! The rescuers did not consider themselves heroes. [direct object] Juan wrote himself a note. [indirect object] She is acting like herself again. [predicate nominative] I don’t feel like myself. [object of the preposition] Intensive Pronouns- we don’t! Amelia designed the costumes herself. I myself sold more than fifty tickets. Mark painted the whole house himself.

23. Brief Review on Pronouns • Personal- deals with people (I, me, him, her, etc.) • Demonstrative- points something out (that, this, those, these) • Interrogative- introduces a question (who, what, which) • Relative- introduces a subordinate clause (that, which, who) • Indefinite- refers to someone/thing not specific (any, all, every, some, many) • Reflexive- complements the subject (himself, myself, herself) • Intensive- intensifies the noun (himself, myself, herself)

24. Any Questions?!Tomorrow: Adjectives!

25. Homework! • Tonight, you have 2 worksheets and the bottom of page 65 from yesterday (again, all due FRIDAY) • Complete the bottom portion (Indefinite Pronouns) on page 65 #1-16 as well as BOTH pages 27 #1-10 (Personal, Reflexive, and Intensive) and 67 #1-26 (Relative Pronouns). • All of this combined should take about 30 minutes. Follow all directions.

26. Section 3: Adjectives 9/22/11 Section 4: Adjectives 9/22/11 -OR- If you titled yesterday’s notes as Section 2: Pronouns Cont’d, then title today’s as Section 3… If you titled yesterday’s notes as Section 3: Pronouns, then title today’s as Section 4…

27. Section 3: Adjectives 9/22/11 Section 4: Adjectives 9/22/11 • An adjective is a word used to modify a noun or pronoun. • To modify means to describe or make more definite • Adjectives answer four (4) questions about the noun: • Which one? • What kind? • How much? • How many?

28. Section 3: Adjectives 9/22/11 Section 4: Adjectives 9/22/11 Demonstrative Adjectives are words used to show and describe a particular noun. *(When they take the place of the noun, they are pronouns)*. ADJ:Did Jessica win thistrophy or thatone? PN: Did Jessica win this or that? ADJ:Theseflags are much more colorful than thosebanners. PN:These are much more colorful than those.

29. Section 3: Adjectives 9/22/11 Section 4: Adjectives 9/22/11 Proper Adjectives are based off of proper nouns, but used to describe. Ex.Canadian flag Ex. Chinese Calendar Ex. IslamicLaw Ex. Obama administration Ex. New Jersey coast Ex. American food

30. Section 3: Adjectives 9/22/11 Section 4: Adjectives 9/22/11 • There are twelve major categories of adjectives. • COLOR: blue, red, green, brown, yellow, black, white, etc. • SIZE: big, small, little, long, tall, short, same as • SHAPE: round ( a ball ), circle (a door knob), triangle, rectangle ( a flag) • DISTANCE: long, short, far, around, start, high, low • FEELINGS OR QUALITIES: good, pretty, right, good, old, better, best, full, funny, light, clean, new, fast, happy, sad, crooked, straight, noisy, quiet • QUANTITY: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, ten, many, few, all • TEMPERATURE: cold, warm, hot, cool • TIME: late, early, bed, nap, dinner, lunch, day, morning, night • NATIONALITY or ORIGIN: American, Mexican, Islamic, Chinese • MATERIAL: wooden, sharp, paper, cloth • AGE: new, old, young, child, adult, baby, teenage • PURPOSE: (These adjectives usually end in /ing/) sleeping bag, frying pan, swinging door

31. Any Questions?!Tomorrow: Spelling Test/ Homework DUE!

32. Don’t forget! • You have four (4) worksheets (and Spelling) that are due to me tomorrow. • Your pronoun worksheets (x3) and tonight’s adjectives worksheet (x1). • Start studying this weekend!