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Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire. Chapter 9, Section 1. Map the following locations: page 286. Shade: Full extent of Byzantine Empire (All purple) Constantinople Bosporus Black Sea Mediterranean Sea Cairo Jerusalem Rome Carthage Red Sea Cordoba. Importance of Constantinople.

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Byzantine Empire

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  1. Byzantine Empire Chapter 9, Section 1

  2. Map the following locations: page 286 • Shade: • Full extent of Byzantine Empire (All purple) • Constantinople • Bosporus • Black Sea • Mediterranean Sea • Cairo • Jerusalem • Rome • Carthage • Red Sea • Cordoba

  3. Importance of Constantinople • At a crossroads of the world. Why? • Roman Emperor Constantine rebuilt the Greek city Byzantium and renamed it after himself. • Was considered a “New Rome.” • Key trade location • Cultural diffusion due to location • Byzantine Empire is the East half of the old Roman Empire

  4. Justinian • Byzantine Empire reached its height under the emperor Justinian, who ruled from 527 to 565 C.E. • Rebuilt the Hagia Sophia and the city • Justinian’s Code: organized all the laws of ancient Rome into one body of law. • By the 1100s his code reached Western Europe

  5. Justinian Rules with Total Power • Unified his empire by being an autocrat (someone who has complete authority). • The Byzantine emperor also had control over the Church (religion) • Justinian was considered Christ’s co-ruler on earth • Combined political power and spiritual authority, unlike rulers in Western Europe (who split power with the pope)

  6. After Justinian • After Justinian died, the empire had to deal with attacks by Persians, Slavs, Vikings, Huns and Turks • Mostly unsuccessful, and Byz. Empire served as a “buffer” for Western Europe

  7. Byzantine Christianity • Christianity was as important in the East as it was in the West, but it was practiced differently • Byzantine Christians rejected the pope • Byz. Clergy were allowed to marry • Greek, not Latin, was the language in church • Less emphasis on Christmas

  8. The Church Divides • The two branches of Christianity grew further apart over time • There was a big disagreement over icons • Byz. Christians used icons, but one emperor outlawed it • In the West, the pope condemned him • This led to the Great Schism

  9. Great Schism • This disagreement eventually led both sides of Christianity to split from each other • Byzantine Church became as the Eastern, or Greek Orthodox Church • Western Empire became known as Roman Catholic • The Emperor and the Pope excommunicated each other • The two branches became rivals

  10. The Empire Weakens • After the Schism, the Byz. Empire weakened • Lots of invasions • Crusades • A disagreement with Venice led them to convince knights on their way to the 4th Crusade to plunder Constantinople along the way • They ruled for 57 years before a Byz. Emperor took it back, but never recovered to its original power

  11. Constantinople falls to the Ottomans • In 1453 the Ottoman army surrounded Constantinople and layed siege for over 2 months, eventually storming the city • The Ottoman ruler Mehmet II took over, renamed the city Istanbul, and made it the capital of the Ottoman Empire

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