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URBAN HYDROLOGY

URBAN HYDROLOGY. URBAN FABRIC. RUNOFF PROCESSES AND DRAINAGE CHANNELS. Hardened surface promotes rapid surface runoff. Runoff channeled along roadside flows rapidly downhill. Many streams in urban areas are at least partially channelised.

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URBAN HYDROLOGY

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  1. URBAN HYDROLOGY

  2. URBAN FABRIC RUNOFF PROCESSES AND DRAINAGE CHANNELS

  3. Hardened surface promotes rapid surface runoff

  4. Runoff channeled along roadside flows rapidly downhill

  5. Many streams in urban areas are at least partially channelised

  6. The Kuils River on the Cape Flats is typical of urban channels

  7. URBAN STRUCTURE RUNOFF SURFACES AND DRAINAGE NETWORKS

  8. Panorama of Grahamstown: note proportion of hardened v. vegetated surfaces and degree of connectivity between runoff surfaces and the main stream channel.

  9. How does the hydrological response change in different areas of the town?

  10. Riparian zone of Blaukrantz river; how connected is the river to the build up area?

  11. Upper catchment of small urban stream

  12. POLLUTION SOURCES

  13. Litter in an urban stream; pollution derived from the catchment surface

  14. Sewage works below King Willliamstown and Zwelitscha: Note Buffalo River in trees to the left of the sewage ponds.

  15. Saline outflow from the Da Gama textile factory

  16. DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS

  17. Algal growth in Laing Dam

  18. Water hyacinth in Laing Dam

  19. FLOOD PLAIN TRANSFORMATION

  20. The modern flood plain of the Ebro River, northern Spain

  21. Zaragoza town in early days: impact on river channel and flood plain is localised

  22. Modern Zaragoza: impacts now extensive

  23. Flood walls protect urban development

  24. REGIONAL IMPACTS

  25. Gareip dam: source of water for Port Elizabeth and Grahamstown

  26. WATER SUPPLY TO GRAHAMSTOWN

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