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Exam 4 results. Average = 74 High 90. 2010. 2009.
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Exam 4 results • Average = 74 • High 90
2. One immediate effect of the Monroe Doctrine was that it A. tied American economic growth with the interests of BritainB. expressed an American desire for shared control of OregonC. led to war with England regarding the impressment of sailorsD. created an atmosphere of isolationism in all foreign affairsE. served as an important expression of emerging American nationalism
9. Tecumseh wanted to accomplish all of the following objectives except A. ending white movement into Indian tribal areasB. reclaiming the whole Northwest areaC. forcing all whites back across the Appalachian MountainsD. uniting all of the Mississippi valley tribesE. asserting that Harrison's treaties were not legitimate
10. The American desire for Florida led to a desire for war with A. FranceB. BritainC. SpainD. CanadaE. Mexico
13. The 1803 case of Marbury v. Madison is significant for all of the following reasons except • A. the Supreme Court ruled federal legislation unconstitutionalB. the Supreme Court forced a member of the executive branch to conform to federal lawC. Chief Justice John Marshall continued to be the dominant figure on the Supreme CourtD. the Supreme Court moved toward establishing itself as the equal of the executive and legislative branches of governmentE. the Supreme Court ruled that the legislature could not regulate the judiciary
14. Between 1804 and 1807, the expeditions of Lewis and Clark and Zebulon Pike had all of the following successes except A. exploring the Northwest to the Pacific OceanB. exploring the Southwest to present-day ColoradoC. providing extensive records of the geography of the area west of the MississippiD. convincing many Americans that the land between the Missouri and the Rockies was highly fertileE. investigating prospects for trade with the Indians
28. In the 1819 case of McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court under John Marshall decided that the A. all of the answers belowB. doctrine of implied powers was validC. federal government could charter a national bankD. state governments could not tax an agency of the federal governmentE. "necessary and proper" clause could validate the creation of a national bank
Essential Question: • How did America progress towards greater democracy between 1800 & 1840?
I. The Growth of Democracy Less than 50% of white men could vote • From 1824 to 1840, democracy was extended to more Americans: • Before 1800, most states limited the right to vote exclusively to property owners & taxpayers
I. The Growth of Democracy • 2. By 1840, these restrictions were removed for most white men • 3. Nowhere else in the world was the right to vote as widespread as in the USA 90% of white men could vote
B. The Growth of Democracy There was a growing % of Americans who owned no land White males were seen as equal before the law & in voting • B. By the 1830s, a “democracy of commoners” became more accepted than a “republic of natural aristocrats” • Positions of power became attainable for “self-made” men • Americans valued equal opportunities among white men, but not necessarily equality Rising industrialization led to a population of low-paid laborers Decreased requirements in the licensed professions Division between commercial farmers & yeoman farmers No clear domestic servant class
Before 1800, most states limited the right to vote exclusively to property owners & taxpayers Why did this unprecedented growth in democracy occur?
Westward expansion led to increased suffrage for “common” men in the “new states” who did not qualify in the “older states” By 1840, more than 90% of all adult white men could vote (“universal white male suffrage”) As more western states extended democracy to “common men,” political parties in eastern states felt pressure to do the same But…this extension of suffrage did not include African-Americans or women
D1. Reasons Universal Manhood Suffrage • 1. Political parties developed new types of politicking in order to reach “new voters” • In the 1820s, politicians began using campaigns, parades, slogans to appeal to the masses • Well-organized, statewide “political machines” developed • Party loyalty became expected • Partisan newspapers boomed
Universal Manhood Suffrage Partisan newspapers played an important role in early American politics Could “mob rule” really work in America?
D2. Universal Manhood Suffrage • Increased Democracy in 1830-1840 led to: • A. Massive voter turnout due to the growth of suffrage & increased organization of political parties • B.Direct methods of selecting presidential electors, county officials, state judges, & governors (replaced indirect methods by state legislatures)
Democratic Culture • Inthe1830s,highliteracy&cheap printing allowed artists & writers to work for a “mass” audience: • Popular genres include romanticism, gothic horror, & landscape paintings • Authors included Wadsworth, Emerson, Melville, Hawthorne, Whitman, Poe; showed human nature, morality, romanticism
A. The Election of 1824 Sec of State under Monroe Sec of Treasury under Monroe • 1. The election of 1824 was a 4-way race among Dem-Republicans: • John Quincy Adams represented New England • William Crawford represented the South • Henry Clay & Andrew Jackson represented the West • 2. Jackson won the popular vote but not a majority of electoral votes Not taken seriously at first; but “war hero” status made Jackson a nat’l candidate Speaker of the House; author of American System
But, because no one candidate received 51% of the electoral votes, the House of Reps had to determine the presidential winner JQ Adams won NE Adams won when Henry Clay threw his support behind him Led to charges that Adams had "bought" the presidency (Corrupt Bargain!!) Crawford won VA but few other Southern states Clay’s influence was limited to a few western states Jackson did well in the South & the West
B. J. Q. Adams' Administration • Adams had a difficult presidency: • JQ Adams wanted to continue the nationalist programs of the “Era of Good Feelings” • The depression of 1819 limited the nationalist agenda & few of Adams’ policies became law • A protective tariff was passed to help farmers & industry, but this angered the South One exception: the National Road
Jackson Comes to Power • “Jacksonians” prepared for the election of 1828 by creating a well-organized, national campaign • Jackson (TN) formed a coalition with Adams’ VP Calhoun (SC), Van Buren (NY), & 2 newspaper editors (KY) to rival JQ Adams • Formed the basis of 1st modern politicalparty,callingthemselves the “Democrats” “Democrats” distinguished themselves as different from the “Nationalist Republicans” who has strayed from the Jeffersonian ideal But, these “Jacksonian Democrats” are not going to mirror the “Jeffersonian Republicans”
Jackson Comes to Power Democrats presented Jackson as “Old Hickory,” uneducated, a hero, a dueler & a man of the people Democrats painted Adams as an out-of-touch aristocrat • The election of 1828 changed American politics: • Showed the effectiveness of political parties in elections • It was the 1st election with overt mudslinging & propaganda • Exciting appeals to average the man (public rallies & barbeques) • Jackson won the election as a “common man of the people” “Ms. Jackson is a bigamist” & “Ms. Adams is a bastard”
Jackson’s wild & rowdy inauguration Who is Andrew Jackson?
Inaugural KING MOB • Jackson’s Inaugural was a victory for the Common Man • Thousands of commoners came to Washington, D.C. to see Jackson inaugurated……
Jackson Comes to Power • Jackson was a popular candidate but it was not clear what type of president Jackson would be: • Jackson’s supporters wanted states’ rights & limited gov’t • During the campaign, Jackson never clarified his stand on major issues: banks, tariffs, etc. • Only stood for Indian removal
Conclusions • In the 1820s & 1830s, America became more democratic: • Westward expansion facilitated the expansion of suffrage for common white men • Led to unprecedented voter participation by citizens • Allowed for a new breed of “common man” politicians to come to power
Review Questions: • What did the term common man mean in the early 19th century? • In what ways were Presidents Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, & Monroe different from the “common man”?
