Effects of Early Industrialization and Imperialism

1. Unit 4 Review This test will include items from previous units as well.

2. Which is an environmental effect of the process of early industrialization? • The introduction of smallpox to American Indians. • The diffusion of new animal and plant species to Afro-Eurasia. • The process of desertification in Africa and Asia. • The widespread deforestation in Europe and North America.

3. Effects of industrialization included which of the following? • Increased unemployment • Rapid urbanization • Safer working conditions • Shorter work days

4. How did the Industrial Revolution affect economic relationships among nations? • It created political alliances among nations with resources. • It promoted a greater degree of interdependence among nations. • It increased the standard of living in all nations. • It generated more isolationism among nations with economic resources

5. Through the 1700s, Europeans did not travel into the interior of Africa because • Of the deadly wildlife • Of superior African armies • Of its difficult geography and disease • It was desert land that was not inhabited by people.

6. Which development caused the other three? • Increased urbanization • Increased productivity of industrial workers • Introduction of the factory system • Unsafe working conditions

7. How is laissez-faire economics more productive than economy controlled by the government? • Laissez-faire economics created a more nationalistic economy in which local production is always preferred. • Laissez-faire created an economy which is regulated by the government in order to create ideal working conditions. • Laissez-faire economics created competition which leads to innovation, greater profits for investors, and lower product prices. • Laissez-faire economics creates competition which results in improved working conditions, higher wages, and healthcare benefits.

8. Which agricultural invention, designed to increase production, had the effect of increasing the number of slaves needed for labor in the southern United States? • Wheat reaper • Cotton gin • Steel plow • Rice mill

9. Which European nation established the largest land-based empire by the mid-18th century? • Great Britain • France • Austria-Hungary • Russia

10. Which market held the greatest attraction for the European powers during the 19th century? • The United States • Africa • China • Latin America

11. Which good did China export in large amounts to Britain? • Opium • Tea • Guns • Gold

12. How was Social Darwinism used as a reason for imperialist expansion? • The slave trade undermined established empires and kingdoms in Africa and the survival of the fittest no longer applied to their people. • Manufacturers wanted access to natural resources such as rubber, petroleum, and palm oil for machinery. • Britain and Germany wanted to halt further French expansion once France moved into West Africa. • Westerners argued that European races were superior to others and imperial domination was nature’s way of improving the human species.

13. “Europeans have a moral responsibility to civilize primitive people.” This statement best expresses which of the following concepts? • Social Darwinism • Nationalism • The “white man’s burden” • The Monroe Doctrine

14. Why did the US feel that the building of the Panama Canal was essential during the Imperial Age? • It was the only way people could get from New York to California. • It connected the east and west coasts of the United States to Latin American ports. • It made travel by sea from New York to California possible. • It shortened sailing distance between the east and west coasts of the United States.

15. Which theory was used by Social Darwinists to justify imperialism? • Communism • Gospel of Wealth • Protectionism • Survival of the fittest