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SEMESTER FINAL 2012

SEMESTER FINAL 2012. AP PSYCHOLOGY. Summarize the nature-nurture debate. What was the major argument between the early philosophers? Identify who was on each side of the argument. “Correlation is NOT !”. A measure of the extent to which 2 variables relate to each other

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SEMESTER FINAL 2012

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  1. SEMESTER FINAL 2012 AP PSYCHOLOGY

  2. Summarize the nature-nurture debate.

  3. What was the major argument between the early philosophers? Identify who was on each side of the argument.

  4. “Correlation is NOT!”

  5. A measure of the extent to which 2 variables relate to each other • Provide an example of: • Positive= • Negative=

  6. The professor who established the first psychology lab, employing the method of introspection (structuralism)

  7. What is the difference between dependent variable & independent variable? (be sure you can identify these!)

  8. What is the experimental procedure in which both subjects and researchers are ignorant about the control & experimental groups?

  9. Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulating the situation

  10. Observation technique in which one person is studies in depth to identify universal principles

  11. Identify: • Mean • Median • Mode • These are all measures of

  12. Tendency to search for information that agrees with our ideas & evade evidence that contradicts our ideas

  13. Perceiving a relationship between two things where none exists.

  14. The tendency to believe that we could have foreseen the outcome of an event

  15. Name the four lobes of the cerebral cortex. What is the function of each?

  16. Areas of the cerebral cortex involved in learning & thinking

  17. Define neurotransmitter. Give 4 examples & what each is responsible for.

  18. Where are the Broca’s Area & Wernicke’s Area located? What does each control?

  19. Impairment of language (either speaking or hearing) • Name 2 areas that, if damaged, can cause this

  20. Which limbic system structure controls hunger, sex drive, thirst, temperature?

  21. Identify the differences between identical twins & fraternal twins.

  22. Complete set of instructions for making an organism; consists of all the genetic material in organism’s chromosomes

  23. Which body functions is/are controlled by the “little brain?”

  24. Explain the difference between gender-role, gender-schema, & gender-type.

  25. Other than identical genes, what else do identical twins have in common?

  26. Name four ways in which scientists can “see” what is happening in our brain. • What does each detect?

  27. What are the 2 theories of color vision? • What are afterimages?

  28. Contrast absolute threshold & difference threshold.

  29. We have a tendency to group things together. This is known as • List & explain 4 ways we do this.

  30. List & define the monocular cues of perception.

  31. Diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus

  32. Perceiving objects as unchanging (lightness, color, shape, size) even as retinal image changes

  33. Focusing your conscious awareness on a particular stimulus • Ex: if you are texting in class you are probably not really paying attention to the lecture

  34. The central focal point in the retina in which cones are concentrated • What do cones detect?

  35. A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the brain computes distance by comparing images from both eyeballs

  36. Describe signal detection theory.

  37. What sense coordinates with the cerebellum & cochlea to be responsible for balance?

  38. What is the biological explanation for our learning? (hint: it has an abbreviation)

  39. What is the formula for classical conditioning? • Make sure you can identify these!

  40. Pioneer of behaviorist school of learning; almost as famous as his dog!

  41. What is the “Law of Effect?” • Whose idea?

  42. Contrast the 4 schedule of reinforcement

  43. An operant conditioning process in which reinforcers guide behavior closer & closer toward the desired behavior

  44. The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

  45. Contrast operant & classical conditioning • Identify the important individuals associated with each

  46. Learning by watching and imitating the behavior of others • Name the study & experimenter

  47. The tendency, after conditioning, for similar stimuli to elicit similar responses

  48. Another term for observational learning

  49. Principle of concrete operational thought (Piaget); properties of an object (mass, volume) remain constant despite changes in form

  50. A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information; according to Piaget, young children develop these

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