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UN involvement in Mozambique

UN involvement in Mozambique. Harry and Amanda. Cause of the Conflict. A few years after Mozambique gained independence from Portugal in 1975, the country plunged into a long and demoralizing civil war between the Government and the Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO).

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UN involvement in Mozambique

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  1. UN involvement in Mozambique Harry and Amanda

  2. Cause of the Conflict • A few years after Mozambique gained independence from Portugal in 1975, the country plunged into a long and demoralizing civil war between the Government and the Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO). • This destabilised the area and displaced 3.7 million people from the area who fled the war.

  3. Reasons for Involvement • On 4 October 1992, after two years of negotiations in Rome, the two parties signed a General Peace Agreement. • As part of the Agreement, the Security Council was to establish a United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) to monitor and support a ceasefire. • As a member of the UN Australia was obliged to send troops to the region.

  4. Roles performed by the UN • The United Nations works, at the request of the Government of Mozambique, to support national development efforts, respond to emergencies and ensure peace and security for all Mozambicans. • The mandate of ONUMOZ was: • To monitor and verify the ceasefire, the separation and concentration of forces, their demobilization and the collection, storage and destruction of weapons; • To monitor and verify the complete withdrawal of foreign forces and to provide security in the transport corridors; • To monitor and verify the disbanding of private and irregular armed groups; • To authorize security arrangements for vital infrastructures and to provide security for United Nations and other international activities in support of the peace process; • To provide technical assistance and monitor the entire electoral process; • To coordinate and monitor humanitarian assistance operations, in particular those relating to refugees, internally displaced persons, demobilized military personnel and the affected local population.

  5. Key Dates and Operations • 4 October 1992 - Two parties signed a general peace agreement. • In early 1993 - Some 6,500 troops and military observers, led by the Secretary-General's Special Representative were deployed. • 1993 - Repatriation of refugees began. • 1994 - Demobilisation began. • October 1994 - The country's first multiparty elections were held. • 8 and 9 December 1994 - The new Parliament and President were inaugurated. • January 1955 – The mandate of the UN ended.

  6. Achievements of the Operation • 75% of displaced refugees were resettled, others not wishing to be repatriated. • Democracy was achieved with the first multiparty general elections. • Conflict came to an end and the ceasefire was upheld by both parties.

  7. Evaluation of the success of the Operation • UN involvement in Mozambique was a success and assisted in the development and progression of democracy and peace in the area.

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