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Advancements in Renewable Energy and Genomic Technologies for Sustainable Solutions

This presentation examines the intersection of renewable energy resources and genomic technologies, emphasizing their roles in addressing climate change through CO2 reduction and biofuel production. It contrasts energy efficiencies of photovoltaics and photosynthesis, highlighting the potential of algal biofuels as an efficient energy source. The presentation discusses innovations in genetic engineering to enhance biofuel production from organisms, alongside strategies for reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Aiming for a sustainable future, it addresses necessary CO2 levels to mitigate environmental impact.

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Advancements in Renewable Energy and Genomic Technologies for Sustainable Solutions

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  1. Exponential technologies forreading & writing genomes 4-4:10 PM 18-Nov-2008 Clean Energy University Spin Out Panel Thanks to:

  2. Renewable Energy Resources: Human 15 TW http://www.xprize.org/files/downloads/saul_griffith_presentation.pdf

  3. Photovoltaics vs Photosynthesis Energy efficiency for photovoltaics at 10-40% and 11% for photosynthesis, but the first is peak performance and ignores storage, while the latter is calculated from grams of biofuel per hectare per year (including night & winter). Energy Density: Lithium ion Battery 0.7 kJ/g (Bio)Diesel fuel 43 kJ/g Atmospheric CO2 is adressed by few energy sources Total : 2E18 g 1% added by human activities 15% removed by photosynthesis yearly (algae 30X more efficient) Agricultural biomass: 3% of the total & 15% yearly change

  4. CO2 reduction “to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilization developed .. CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 385 ppm to at most 350 ppm.” 9% = 2E17 g USA: 7E9 meters of highways* 3E6 g/m = 2E16 g James Hansen, et al. Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 2: 217-231 (2008) CO2 maintenance:2% of arable land to replace all petro-fuel with algal (US 40K km2) vs farm animals 80%

  5. 3,000 100 50 90 organic 80 70 60 Distribution (% total) 50 10 1 40 aqueous 30 20 1 2 3 4 10 0 Extracellular Intracellular 3 months Localization Bio-petroleum from grasses or algae Immiscible Products Facilitate Purification • Separate from water without distillation • Decrease toxicity to producer strain • >2 million liters in 2009 Fatty acid derived Leverage current infrastructure & engines

  6. Algal, fungal pathways to triglycerides, alkanes, olefins, terpenes Botryococcus braunii decarbonylase Methylelcosene from Prasiola stipitata http://www.biofuelsdatabase.org/map/alkane-decarbonylation_map.shtml http://www.springerlink.com/content/p6451qx982638856/fulltext.pdf

  7. 2 million liter scale example: 2000-06 E.coli Klebsiella Yeast yqhD DAR1 1,3 propanediol dhaB1-3 GPP2 Glycerol-3-P Glycerol 3HPA - NADH coB12 - NADPH Dupont/Genencor: 1,3 Propanediol (7 years & $400M R&D) 135 g/l at 3.5 g/l/h, 51% yield (90% of theoretical) from glucose 27 changes to 4.6 Mbp E.coli ackA aldA aldB arcA crr edd gldA glpK mgsA pta ptsH ptsI yqhC Saccharomyces: DAR1 GPP2 Klebsiella: dhaB1,B2,B3,X; orfX,Y P1.5.gapA P1.6.ppc P1.6.btuR P1.6.yqhD Ptrc.galP Ptrc.glk (13 knock-outs, 8 insertions, 6 regulatory changes) http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6432686-description.html

  8. Improving process yield, health, safety: What threatens all biological systems? What do all viruses have in common? or lack?

  9. New genetic code: viral-resistance, novel amino acidsno functional GMO DNA exchange PEG-pAcPhe-hGH (Ambrx) high serum stability 314 TAG to TAA changes 4 Isaacs Charalel Church Sun Wang Carr Jacobson Kong Sterling 1 3 2

  10. DNA technology tracked Moore’s law (2X / 2 yr) until 2004-8 (10X / yr) $/bp 40X 98% genome $5K in 2008 ($50 for 1%?)

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