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Earthquake and its Effects

Earthquake and its Effects. Prepared by Celestine Dalrymple - Collins. l. next. OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson students should be able to:- Define the term earthquakes Explain the occurrence of earthquakes Describe the causes of earthquakes

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Earthquake and its Effects

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  1. Earthquake and its Effects Prepared by Celestine Dalrymple- Collins l next

  2. OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson students should be able to:- • Define the term earthquakes • Explain the occurrence of earthquakes • Describe the causes of earthquakes • Name the instrument used to measure the intensity of an earthquake. • Describe the effects of earthquakes • State the precautionary measures implemented before, during and after an earthquake • Describe the contribution of individuals and the state agency before, during and after an earthquake • Identify the occurrence of earthquake in different countries. NEXT

  3. SUB-TOPICES What is an earthquake? What are the causes of earthquakes? How do earthquake occur? What are the instruments used to measure the intensity of an earthquake? What are the effects of earthquakes? Describe the precautionary measures taken before, during and after an earthquake? Describe how individuals and the state organization assist before, during and after an earthquake. How do countries which experience earth manage during the time of disaster. NEXT

  4. What is an earthquake? An earthquake is a sudden vibration in the earth’s crust. Click this button for more information Read and formulate your own definition

  5. What are the causes of an earthquake? Plate tectonics- the movement of crustal plates and the features which are formed at plate margins Faulting- the breaking of the crustal plates caused by the forces of tension and or tension Volcanic action –the sudden movement of molten materials from the mantle to the earths surface. Plutonic action -the sudden movement of molten materials within the earth’s crust. Click for more diagrams Figure 1. Tectonic action

  6. Diagrams showing causes of earthquakes Figure 3.Tectonic activity Figure 2. Volcanic and plutonic activities next Figure 4. Faulting activity

  7. The occurrence of earthquake The earth’s crust is under stress and strain from forces of compression, tension and convection when the pressure gets too great the energy is released and the sudden movement occurs. Where the snap occur is the focus, above the focus on the earth’s surface is the epicenter. The force of the movement travel in waves called seismic waves. See figure 5. Click to read, then next Figure 5, illustrate how the earthquake occurs

  8. What are the instruments used to measure the earthquake. The Richter scale is used to measure the intensity of an earthquake. The seismograph is used to record the magnitude of an earthquake. Click for more information Figure 5, A seismograph An earthquake reading on the seismograph

  9. What are the effect of an earthquake? Primary effects Secondary effects Click for pictures Destruction of buildings, roads , bridges and utility poles. Major and minor injury Loss of life Breakage of pipelines Rock falls and land slides Fires Tsunamis Flooding Food shortages Diseases Riots Homeless and displaced people Population decline

  10. Massive destruction and injury caused by earthquakes Destruction of buildings Major injury Fire next Homeless people

  11. What are the precautionary measures? Before During next Avoid living close to fault lines or plate margins Avoid areas with unstable rocks Construct building according to the State building code Read information on earthquakes listen to public information on earthquakes Always have a first aid kit and extra storage of food Educate all the members what to do during an earthquake Have an emergency plan in place for everyone Stay calm Go under a table or at the door jam Console all members If driving Stop and park in a safe place

  12. Precautionary measures (cont.) Stay calm Click the button to get more information Click

  13. Precautionary measures (cont.) After Stay calm Account for all members Avoid contact with utility lines Offer help when and where possible Get help for yourself or other if possible Listen to the media for official information Cooperate with officials or profession rescue workers Click here to get more information

  14. ASSISTANCE State Agency Individuals click Emergency help Shelter managers Rescue workers Medical assistance Social workers To add some more click the button Rescue workers General assistance Account for individuals To add some more click the button

  15. How do countries manage and after an earthquake? For a country you have studies describe the extent of the damage. Describe how the people are coping after the earthquake. Describe the assistance offered by individuals and state agencies to restore normal life. Click to get more information

  16. Enjoy playing this game! View earthquake zones in Jamaica Click to play a game

  17. Questions What did you learn about earthquakes? PLEASE do you journal entry now Did you achieve the stated objectives? Click here to remind you

  18. Talk to you friend about earthquakes. If you want to more know more about earthquakes? Click The End

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