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CONTROVERSIES AND ETHICS OF ANIMAL TESTING: EMERGING ISSUES AND NEW CHALLENGES

CONTROVERSIES AND ETHICS OF ANIMAL TESTING: EMERGING ISSUES AND NEW CHALLENGES. By Prof. Dr. P. V. S. KISHORE, Ph.D., FNAVS, FIAVA Professor & Head Department of Veterinary Anatomy SV Veterinary University, INDIA.

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CONTROVERSIES AND ETHICS OF ANIMAL TESTING: EMERGING ISSUES AND NEW CHALLENGES

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  1. CONTROVERSIES AND ETHICSOF ANIMAL TESTING: EMERGING ISSUES AND NEW CHALLENGES By Prof. Dr. P. V. S. KISHORE, Ph.D., FNAVS, FIAVA Professor & Head Department of Veterinary Anatomy SV Veterinary University, INDIA

  2. ANIMAL TESTINGHIGHLY CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE UNIQUE TO MODERN SCIENCE FAVOUR • ACADEMICIANS • RESEARCHERS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • CONTROVERSIES AGAINST • ANIMAL RIGHTS ACTIVISTS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • ETHICS KISHORE

  3. ACADEMICIANS & RESEARCHERS • SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS • ANTIBIOTICS, DRUGS, VACCINES • MEDICAL PROCEDURES, TOXICOLOGY • XENO TRANSPANTATION OF ORGANS SAVED HUMAN LIVES KISHORE

  4. ANIMAL RIGHTS ACTIVISTS • REPEATED PROTESTS • DECISION MAKING ABILITY • AVOID / MINIMIZE EXPERIMENTATION • CONSEQUENTIALIST JUSTIFICATION (comparing the moral consequences of an experiment DOING or NOT DOING) KISHORE

  5. . CONTROVERSIES. ETHICS . EMERGING ISSUES . NEW CHALLENGES

  6. CONTROVERSIES • PAIN, SUFFERING, DISCOMFORT • PAIN RELIEVER MAY INTERACT WITH DRUG • IRRATIONAL ABUSE • UNNECESSARY REPLICATIONS • INDISCRIMINATE NUMBER KISHORE

  7. ETHICS • MORAL STATUS - (HUMANS = ANIMALS) • SPECIESISM(like racism) (inflicting pain on human/animal is equally wrong) • ETHICAL SELF-EXAMINATION (self-analysis of one's own personal and scientific motives) • ETHICAL REVIEWS & AUDIT KISHORE

  8. EMERGING ISSUES • METABOLIC TESTS • TOXICITY TESTS • EFFICACY TESTS • CARCINOGENIC TESTS • LD 50TOXICITY TEST BANNED KISHORE

  9. EMERGING ISSUES • PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS ACT, 1960 • WILDLIFE PROTECTION ACT, 1972 • UGC GUIDELINES 2011DISCONTINUATION OF DISSECTION AND EXPERIMENTS ON LIVE ANIMALS IN A PHASED MANNER • MOEF GUIDELINES 2012 • NGO’S - PFA, PETA, SPCA etc KISHORE

  10. NEW CHALLENGES • ALTERNATE MODES FOR DISSECTION AND EXPERIMENTATION • DIGITAL / PLASTINATED SPECIMENS • DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES TO USE OF ANIMALS IN PG EDUCATION KISHORE

  11. 4 R’s RUSSELL & BURCH - 1959 • REDUCTION • REFINEMENT • REPLACEMENT • REHABILITATION KISHORE

  12. ALTERNATIVES • CDs, COMPUTER SIMULATIONS, MANNEKIN / MODEL, INVITRO METHODS • AUTOPSY, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES, TISSUE CULTURES, IN SILICO TESTS • COMPUTERS ARE UNABLE TO MODEL ALL INTERACTIONS MAKING ANIMAL RESEARCH NECESSARY IN MANY AREAS KISHORE

  13. REMEDIES • ONLY MEDICINAL PURPOSES • NO COSMETICS TESTING • JUSTIFIED CIRCUMSTANCES • UNNECESSORY SACRIFICE • BEST EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS • EUTHANASIA KISHORE

  14. COSMETICS • TESTING BANNED IN EUROPE • LEAPING BUNNY LOGO OTHER AREAS • LEATHER Vs JUTE BAGS • NON VEG / VEG / VEAGEN KISHORE

  15. ? • FOCUSSED CRITICAL THINKING • IS AND WILL BE AN ONGOING PROCESS • CHANGING ATTITUDES OF PEOPLE • MORAL STRESS - EUTHANASIA • CLEAR ALL ETHICAL DILEMMAS • BROADER PERSPECTIVE • HOLISTIC APPROACH KISHORE

  16. ? ? • SCIENTIFIC BASIS • ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS, REGULATIONS • STRICT ANIMAL ETHICS COMMITTEES • NON SCIENTIFIC SOCIAL MEMBER • TRANSPARENCY KISHORE

  17. CONCLUSION • NECESSARY EVIL • INDISPENSIBLE & INEVITABLE • HELPFUL FOR FURTHERING MEDICAL SCIENCE KISHORE

  18. ?? ? • INITIALLY ON HUMANS • HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS • ANIMALS • ANIMAL RIGHTS ACTIVISTS • HUMANS AGAIN (WITH CONSENT) ? ? ? ? KISHORE

  19. pvskishore_1963@yahoo.com THANQ KISHORE

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