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Blood vessels

Blood vessels. Dejan Tkalec Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat. What are blood vessels?. intricate networks of tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body. Types of vessels:. Arteries Veins Capillaries Sinusoids. Arteries Transport blood away from the heart Carry oxygenated blood

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Blood vessels

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  1. Blood vessels Dejan Tkalec Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. What are blood vessels? • intricate networks of tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body

  3. Types of vessels: • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries • Sinusoids

  4. Arteries • Transport blood away from the heart • Carry oxygenated blood • Have relatively narrow lumens • Have relatively more muscle/elastic tissue • Transport blood under higher pressure • Do not have valves (except for the semi-lunar valves of the pulmonary artery and the aorta) Veins • Transport blood towards the heart • Carry de-oxygenated blood • Have relatively wide lumens • Have relatively less muscle/elastic tissue • Transport blood under lower pressure • Have valves throughout the main veins of the body (except venae cavae)

  5. Histology • Arteries and veins have the same structure: • Tunica intima: single layer of simple squamous endothelial cells, surrounded by a thin layer of elastic bands – internal elastic lamina • Tunica media (thickest layer): circularly arranged elastic fibers, connective tissue, polysaccharide substances surrounded by external elastic lamina; rich in vascular smooth muscle (especially in arteries) • Tunica adventitia: entirely made of connective tissue; contains nerves that supply the vessel

  6. Functions • Transporting blood away from the heart • Transporting oxygenated blood across the body • Transporting blood from arteries to capillaries • Draining blood from capillaries into veins and exchanging oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and salt between the body and surrounding tissues • Arterioles -main regulators of blood pressure and flow • Capillaries - assist in supplying body tissues with necessary components of blood

  7. Common problems • Aneurysm - weak spot in the wall of an artery • Atherosclerosis - narrowing of the arteries caused by plaque deposits • Heart disease - lack of blood supply to the heart because of narrowed arteries • High blood pressure - can be caused by obesity, diabetes, rich salt diet, smoking, high cholesterol, kidney disease... • Varicose veins - problems with valves that stop blood from running backwards

  8. Aorta • Largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, where it branches off into two common iliacs • Usually divided into 5 segments: • Ascending aorta • Arch of aorta • Descending aorta • Thoracic aorta • Abdominal aorta

  9. Other major arteries

  10. References • http://biology.about.com/library/organs/heart/blblood.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vessel • http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Blood/Blood_Vessels.php • http://www.ehow.com/about_5110377_functions-blood-vessel.html • http://video.about.com/heartdisease/How-the-Heart-Functions.htm

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